RETINA：一个降低光学像差的硬件在环光学设施
RETINA: a hardware-in-the-loop optical facility with reduced optical aberrations
AI总结：
本文设计硬件在环低像差光学设施 RETINA，通过 Zemax 光学优化、误差校准与补偿实现数十角秒级相机激励，并验证其适配多相机与多任务场景的能力。
摘要：
人们对航天器自主性的兴趣日益增长，且航天器需要完成复杂任务，这提高了对采用可信方法开展制导、导航与控制算法验证与确认的需求。在自主运行背景下，基于视觉的导航算法已被证明是利用低成本、多功能传感器确定在轨航天器状态的有效解决方案。尽管如此，仍必须在地面进行详细测试，以理解算法在飞行硬件上的鲁棒性和性能。鉴于无法直接在轨道上测试这些算法，必须开发专用仿真框架，在实验室装置中模拟轨道环境。本文介绍了一种名为 RETINA 的低像差光学设施的设计，用于执行该任务。RETINA 被设计为可适配不同特性的相机（例如传感器尺寸和焦距），同时确保对相机探测器进行正确激励。研究首先开展初步设计，以根据设施需求确定设施中可能使用的组件范围。随后，在 Zemax OpticStudio 中进行详细光学设计，以优化构成设施光学系统的透镜数量和特性。最终设计与初步设计进行比较，以表明该方法所实现光学性能的优越性。本文还提出了一种校准流程，用于估计设施中的未对准和对中误差。这些估计参数被用于专用补偿算法，使相机激励能够达到数十角秒的精度。最后，本文介绍了两种不同应用，以展示 RETINA 在适配不同相机和仿真不同任务场景方面的多功能性。
英文摘要：
The increasing interest in spacecraft autonomy and the complex tasks to be accomplished by the spacecraft raise the need for a trustworthy approach to perform Verification & Validation of Guidance, Navigation, and Control algorithms. In the context of autonomous operations, vision-based navigation algorithms have established themselves as effective solutions to determine the spacecraft state in orbit with low-cost and versatile sensors. Nevertheless, detailed testing must be performed on ground to understand the algorithm's robustness and performance on flight hardware. Given the impossibility of testing directly on orbit these algorithms, a dedicated simulation framework must be developed to emulate the orbital environment in a laboratory setup. This paper presents the design of a low-aberration optical facility called RETINA to perform this task. RETINA is designed to accommodate cameras with different characteristics (e.g., sensor size and focal length) while ensuring the correct stimulation of the camera detector. A preliminary design is performed to identify the range of possible components to be used in the facility according to the facility requirements. Then, a detailed optical design is performed in Zemax OpticStudio to optimize the number and characteristics of the lenses composing the facility's optical systems. The final design is compared against the preliminary design to show the superiority of the optical performance achieved with this approach. This work presents also a calibration procedure to estimate the misalignment and the centering errors in the facility. These estimated parameters are used in a dedicated compensation algorithm, enabling the stimulation of the camera at tens of arcseconds of precision. Finally, two different applications are presented to show the versatility of RETINA in accommodating different cameras and in simulating different mission scenarios.
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