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arXiv 2407.00840cs.LG
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MUSE-Net:用于不规则纵向电子健康记录的缺失感知多分支自注意力编码器

MUSE-Net: Missingness-aware mUlti-branching Self-attention Encoder for Irregular Longitudinal Electronic Health Records

Charles F. Dolan School of Business, Fairfield University(费尔菲尔德大学查尔斯·F·多兰商学院);The University of Tennessee(田纳西大学);Oklahoma State University(俄克拉荷马州立大学)

Zekai Wang, Tieming Liu, Bing Yao

AI总结:

针对电子健康记录中不规则时间序列、数据缺失与不平衡的挑战,提出MUSE-Net模型,结合多任务高斯过程填补、多分支架构、时间感知自注意力与可解释机制,在疾病预测上优于现有方法。

摘要:

大数据时代使得海量临床数据唾手可得,尤其是电子健康记录(EHRs)的形式,这为开发数据驱动的诊断工具以增强临床决策提供了前所未有的机遇。然而,将EHRs应用于数据驱动建模面临着诸多挑战,如不规则间隔的多变量时间序列、数据不完整性问题以及数据不平衡。要充分释放EHRs的数据潜力,关键在于开发先进的分析模型。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的缺失感知多分支自注意力编码器(MUSE-Net),以应对纵向EHRs数据驱动疾病预测建模中的挑战。所提出的MUSE-Net由四个新颖模块组成,包括:(1) 带有缺失值掩码的多任务高斯过程(MGP)用于数据填补;(2) 用于解决数据不平衡问题的多分支架构;(3) 时间感知自注意力编码器,以处理纵向EHRs中不规则的时间间隔;(4) 可解释的多头注意力机制,提供对疾病预测中不同时间点重要性的洞察,使临床医生能够追踪模型决策。我们使用合成和真实世界数据集对所提出的MUSE-Net进行了评估。实验结果表明,我们的MUSE-Net优于现有广泛用于研究纵向信号的方法。

英文摘要:

The era of big data has made vast amounts of clinical data readily available, particularly in the form of electronic health records (EHRs), which provides unprecedented opportunities for developing data-driven diagnostic tools to enhance clinical decision making. However, the application of EHRs in data-driven modeling faces challenges such as irregularly spaced multi-variate time series, issues of incompleteness, and data imbalance. Realizing the full data potential of EHRs hinges on the development of advanced analytical models. In this paper, we propose a novel Missingness-aware mUlti-branching Self-Attention Encoder (MUSE-Net) to cope with the challenges in modeling longitudinal EHRs for data-driven disease prediction. The proposed MUSE-Net is composed by four novel modules including: (1) a multi-task Gaussian process (MGP) with missing value masks for data imputation; (2) a multi-branching architecture to address the data imbalance problem; (3) a time-aware self-attention encoder to account for the irregularly spaced time interval in longitudinal EHRs; (4) interpretable multi-head attention mechanism that provides insights into the importance of different time points in disease prediction, allowing clinicians to trace model decisions. We evaluate the proposed MUSE-Net using both synthetic and real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our MUSE-Net outperforms existing methods that are widely used to investigate longitudinal signals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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