评估美国城市住宅空间供暖中耦合热能储存与空气源热泵的价值
Assessing the Value of Coupling Thermal Energy Storage with Air-Source Heat Pumps for Residential Space Heating in U.S. Cities
AI总结：
本文通过技术经济模型评估四种盐水合物TES与ASHP耦合在美国12城市住宅供暖中的价值，发现SrBr2最具前景，其盈亏平衡成本可达并超过美国能源部目标。
摘要：
空气源热泵（ASHP）的广泛采用面临若干挑战，而现场热能储存（TES），特别是热化学盐水合物TES，可以缓解这些挑战。目前尚无针对住宅应用中基于盐水合物的TES的技术经济分析。我们通过将盐水合物特定的Ragone图嵌入耦合ASHP-TES运行的技术经济模型中，量化了四种盐水合物TES材料——MgSO4、MgCl2、K2CO3和SrBr2——与ASHP耦合在美国12个城市4800户代表性家庭中的住宅空间供暖价值。在底特律，盐水合物TES预计可将家庭年电费降低最多$\$$241（8$\%$）。TES带来的成本节约在不同家庭和盐水合物之间可能相差一个数量级以上。我们确定了本研究中最有前景的盐——SrBr2，因为它具有高能量密度和低加湿寄生负载。基于SrBr2的TES的盈亏平衡资本成本范围为$\$$13/kWh至$\$$17/kWh，使其成为所研究的盐水合物中唯一达到并超过美国能源部$\$$15/kWh TES成本目标的材料。敏感性分析强调了可变TES规模设计和效率损失对TES价值的重要性。
英文摘要：
Widespread air source heat pump (ASHP) adoption faces several challenges that on-site thermal energy storage (TES), particularly thermochemical salt hydrate TES, can mitigate. No techno-economic analyses for salt-hydrate-based TES in residential applications exist. We quantify the residential space heating value of four salt hydrate TES materials - MgSO4, MgCl2, K2CO3, and SrBr2 - coupled with ASHPs across 4,800 representative households in 12 U.S. cities by embedding salt-hydrate-specific Ragone plots into a techno-economic model of coupled ASHP-TES operations. In Detroit, salt hydrate TES is projected to reduce household annual electricity costs by up to $\$$241 (8$\%$). Cost savings from TES can differ by over an order of magnitude between households and salt hydrates. We identify the most promising salt in this study, SrBr2, due to its high energy density and low humidification parasitic load. Break-even capital costs of SrBr2-based TES range from $\$$13/kWh to $\$$17/kWh, making it the only salt hydrate studied to reach and exceed the U.S. Department of Energy's $\$$15/kWh TES cost target. Sensitivities highlight the importance of variable TES sizing and efficiency losses in the value of TES.
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