RISTRETTO: Manufacturing of a single-mode visible high resolution spectrograph
Bruno Chazelas, Christophe Lovis, Nicolas Blind, Ludovic Genolet, Ian Hughes, Michael Sordet, Robin Schnell, Anthony Carvalho, Maddalena Bugatti, Adrien Crausaz… 展开作者
Bruno Chazelas, Christophe Lovis, Nicolas Blind, Ludovic Genolet, Ian Hughes, Michael Sordet, Robin Schnell, Anthony Carvalho, Maddalena Bugatti, Adrien Crausaz, Samuel Rihs, Pablo Santos Diaz, David Ehrenreich, Emeline Bolmont, Christoph Mordasini, Martin Turbet
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Paper submitted to the SPIE conference Astronomical Telescope and Instrumentation, conference title : Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X, paper number : 13096-283
The Spectrograph of the RISTRETTO instrument is now currently being manufactured. RISTETTO is an instrument designed to detect and characterize the reflected light of nearby exoplanets. It combines high contrast imaging and high resolution spectroscopy to detect the light of exoplanets. The high resolution spectrograph subject of this paper uses the doppler effect to disentangle the planetary signal from the stellar light leaks. In this paper we describe the final design of the spectrograph and report the status of its construction. The RISTRETTO spectrograph has seven diffraction limited spaxels. The spectrograph's resolution is 130000 in the 620-840 nm band. It is designed in a similar way as HARPS and ESPRESSO, being a warm, thermally controlled spectrograph under vacuum. It is designed to be compact and self contained so that it could be installed on different telescopes. It is however tailored to be installed on a nasmyth platform of a VLT telescope. We present updates to the design and the manufacturing of the instrument. In particular we present the performance of the thermal enclosure.
The RISTRETTO project is aiming to build an instrument that will detect the reflected light from close-by exoplanet. It is a two stage instrument: An extreme AO system in the visible, followed by a seven spaxel single mode High resolution Spectrograph. In this paper we present the design of this spectrograph: a classical echelle spectrograph fed with single mode fibers. Standard single mode fibers have been chosen and are forming a long tilted slit in order to have the right order spacing on the detector. The instrument will be under vacuum and thermally controlled in order to make it stable.
We introduce the RISTRETTO instrument for ESO VLT, an evolution from the original idea of connecting the SPHERE high-contrast facility to the ESPRESSO spectrograph (Lovis et al 2017). RISTRETTO is an independent, AO-fed spectrograph proposed as a visitor instrument, with the goal of detecting nearby exoplanets in reflected light for the first time. RISTRETTO aims at characterizing the atmospheres of Proxima b and several other exoplanets using the technique of high-contrast, high-resolution spectroscopy. The instrument is composed of two parts: a front-end to be installed on VLT UT4 providing …
RISTRETTO: Assembly and Testing of the Seven-spaxel, High-resolution, Diffraction-limited Spectrograph
Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva（日内瓦天文台，日内瓦大学）；Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern（伯尔尼大学物理研究所）；Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universitée（动态气象实验室，IPSL，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学）；Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), UMR 7326, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES（马赛天体物理实验室，Aix-Marseille大学，法国国家科学研究中心，法国国家空间研究中心）；ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab（法国航空与航天研究学院）
RISTRETTO is a visible high-resolution spectrograph fed by an extreme adaptive optics (XAO) system, to be proposed as a visitor instrument on ESO VLT. The main science goal of RISTRETTO is the detection and atmospheric characterization of exoplanets in reflected light, in particular the temperate rocky planet Proxima b. RISTRETTO will be able to measure albedos and detect atmospheric features in a number of exoplanets orbiting nearby stars for the first time. It will do so by combining a high-contrast AO system working at the diffraction limit of the telescope to a high-resolution spectrograph…
RISTRETTO is the evolution of the original idea of coupling the VLT instruments SPHERE and ESPRESSO, aiming at High Dispersion Coronagraphy. RISTRETTO is a visitor instrument that should enable the characterization of the atmospheres of nearby exoplanets in reflected light, by using the technique of high-contrast, high-resolution spectroscopy. Its goal is to observe Prox Cen b and other planets placed at about 35mas from their star, i.e. 2lambda/D at lambda=750nm. The instrument is composed of an extreme adaptive optics, a coronagraphic Integral Field Unit, and a diffraction-limited spectrogra…
Resolving protoplanetary H-alpha emission with the high-resolution spectrograph RISTRETTO
University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Universität Duisburg–Essen（杜伊斯堡-埃森大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
SOXS (Son Of X-Shooter) is a medium resolution (~4500) wide-band (0.35 - 2.0 μm) spectrograph which passed the Final Design Review in 2018. The instrument is planned to be installed at the NTT in La Silla and it is mainly composed by five different optomechanical subsystems (Common Path, NIR spectrograph, UV-VIS spectrograph, Camera, and Calibration) and other mechanical subsystems (Interface flange, Platform, cable corotator, and cooling). It is currently in the procurement and integration phase. In this paper we present the post-FDR modifications in the mechanical design due to the various i…
We report on the design, manufacturing, and performance of the image slicer for the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru Telescope. This instrument is a Bowen-Walraven type image slicer providing five 0.3 arcsec x 1.5 arcsec images with a resolving power of R= 110,000. The resulting resolving power and line profiles are investigated in detail, including estimates of the defocusing effect on the resolving power. The throughput in the wavelength range from 400 to 700 nm is higher than 80%, thereby improving the efficiency of the spectrograph by a factor of 1.8 for 0.7 arcsec seeing.
We present a method to determine the static aberrations in a nearly diffraction-limited spectrograph introduced, for example, by alignment or manufacturing errors. We consider an instrument with two stages separated by a slit or image slicer located in the intermediate focal plane. In such a spectrograph, it is not trivial to distinguish aberrations in the first stage, before the slit, from those in the second, after the slit. However, our method achieves this. Measuring these aberrations separately opens the possibility of reducing them, by realignment or other means, and thereby improving th…
One limitation in characterizing exoplanet candidates is the availability of infrared, high-resolution spectrographs. An important factor in the scarcity of high precision IR spectrographs is the high cost of these instruments. We present a new optical design, which leads to a cost-effective solution. Our instrument is a high-resolution (R=60,000) infrared spectrograph with a R6 Echelle grating and an image slicer. We compare the best possible performance of quasi-Littrow and White Pupil setups, and prefer the latter because it achieves higher image quality. The instrument is proposed for the …
We present here CAFE, the Calar Alto Fiber-fed Echelle spectrograph, a new instrument built at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Alemán (CAHA). CAFE is a single fiber, high-resolution ($R\sim$70000) spectrograph, covering the wavelength range between 3650-9800Å. It was built on the basis of the common design for Echelle spectrographs. Its main aim is to measure radial velocities of stellar objects up to $V\sim$13-14 mag with a precision as good as a few tens of $m s^{-1}$. To achieve this goal the design was simplified at maximum, removing all possible movable components, the central wavelength i…
The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is a second-generation VLT panoramic integral-field spectrograph currently in manufacturing, assembly and integration phase. MUSE has a field of 1x1 arcmin2 sampled at 0.2x0.2 arcsec2 and is assisted by the VLT ground layer adaptive optics ESO facility using four laser guide stars. The instrument is a large assembly of 24 identical high performance integral field units, each one composed of an advanced image slicer, a spectrograph and a 4kx4k detector. In this paper we review the progress of the manufacturing and report the performance achieved with…
The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST): design trade-offs for the low-resolution multi-object spectrograph instrument
Aix-Marseille Université（艾克斯-马赛大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；CNES（法国国家空间研究中心）；LAM UMR7326（天体物理与行星学研究混合单位7326）；Australian Astronomical Optics（澳大利亚天文光学）；Macquarie Univ.（麦考瑞大学）；STFC UK Astronomy Technology Centre（英国科学与技术设施委员会英国天文技术中心）；Royal Observatory Edinburgh（爱丁堡皇家天文台）；Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1（里昂第一大学克洛德·贝尔纳）；Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon（里昂天体物理研究中心）；INAF（意大利国家天体物理研究所）；Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（布雷拉天文台）；Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna（维也纳大学天体物理学系）；Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)（波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
There are several high-performance adaptive optics systems that deliver diffraction-limited imaging on ground-based telescopes, which renewed the interest of single-mode fiber (SMF) spectroscopy for exoplanet characterization. However, the fundamental mode of a telescope is not well matched to those of conventional SMFs. With the recent progress in asphere manufacturing techniques it may be possible to reshape the fundamental mode of a SMF into any arbitrary distribution. An optimization problem is setup to investigate what the optimal mode field distribution is and what the fundamental throug…
The use of Immersed Gratings offers advantages for both space- and ground-based spectrographs. As diffraction takes place inside the high-index medium, the optical path difference and angular dispersion are boosted proportionally, thereby allowing a smaller grating area and a smaller spectrometer size. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy is used in space-based monitoring of greenhouse and pollution gases in the Earth atmosphere. On the extremely large telescopes currently under development, mid-infrared high-resolution spectrographs will, among other things, be used to characterize exo-pla…
Direct imaging instruments have the spatial resolution to resolve exoplanets from their host star. This enables direct characterization of the exoplanets atmosphere, but most direct imaging instruments do not have spectrographs with high enough resolving power for detailed atmospheric characterization. We investigate the use of a single-mode diffraction-limited integral-field unit that is compact and easy to integrate into current and future direct imaging instruments for exoplanet characterization. This achieved by making use of recent progress in photonic manufacturing to create a single-mod…
High Resolution Optical Methane Linelist from observations of Titan for Cross-Correlation studies
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学空间科学与天体物理研究所）；Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学理学院物理系）；Bard College（巴德学院）；NMES Faculty, King’s College London（伦敦国王学院非医学教育系）
Observations of circumstellar environments to look for the direct signal of exoplanets and the scattered light from disks has significant instrumental implications. In the past 15 years, major developments in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, optical manufacturing, wavefront sensing and data processing, together with a consistent global system analysis have enabled a new generation of high-contrast imagers and spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes with much better performance. One of the most productive is the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (SPHERE) desi…
Towards High-Throughput Visible Photonic Lanterns for the EMARCOT Project
Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)（波茨坦阿基米德天体物理研究所）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所，西班牙高等科学研究委员会）；Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía (CAHA), Observatorio de Calar Alto（安达卢西亚西班牙天文中心，卡萨拉托天文台）；Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney（悉尼大学物理学院光子学与光学科学研究所）
