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arXiv 2406.18191stat.MEmath.STstat.TH
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线性过程频域因果效应估计中的渐近不确定性

Asymptotic Uncertainty in the Estimation of Frequency Domain Causal Effects for Linear Processes

Nicolas-Domenic Reiter, Jonas Wahl, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Jakob Runge

AI总结:

本文研究了线性过程频域因果效应估计的渐近不确定性,基于过程图代数关系推导出估计量的渐近分布,构建了置信区间和Wald型检验,并识别出渐近最优估计量,最后通过合成数据和太阳周期对北大西洋涛动影响的实证分析验证了方法。

摘要:

结构向量自回归(SVAR)过程是常用的时间序列模型,用于从观测数据中识别和量化动态相互作用过程之间的因果交互。这些过程之间的因果关系可以有效地由有限有向过程图来表示——当两个过程之间存在直接的延迟或同时效应时,该图便将它们连接起来。最近的研究引入了一个框架,用于量化沿着过程图上路径的频域因果效应。该框架允许识别一个过程的谱密度如何对另一个过程的谱密度做出贡献。在当前的工作中,我们根据过程图所决定的代数关系,刻画了因果效应和谱贡献估计量的渐近分布。基于该渐近分布,我们为估计的效应和谱贡献构建了近似置信区间和 Wald 型假设检验。在因果充分性的假设下,我们考虑了频域因果量的可微估计量类,并在该类中识别出了渐近最优估计量。我们在合成数据上展示了频域 Wald 检验和不确定性近似,并将它们应用于分析 10 至 11 年太阳周期对北大西洋涛动(NAO)的影响。我们的结果证实,在 10 至 11 年的时间尺度上,太阳周期对 NAO 存在显著影响。

英文摘要:

Structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) processes are commonly used time series models to identify and quantify causal interactions between dynamically interacting processes from observational data. The causal relationships between these processes can be effectively represented by a finite directed process graph - a graph that connects two processes whenever there is a direct delayed or simultaneous effect between them. Recent research has introduced a framework for quantifying frequency domain causal effects along paths on the process graph. This framework allows to identify how the spectral density of one process is contributing to the spectral density of another. In the current work, we characterise the asymptotic distribution of causal effect and spectral contribution estimators in terms of algebraic relations dictated by the process graph. Based on the asymptotic distribution we construct approximate confidence intervals and Wald type hypothesis tests for the estimated effects and spectral contributions. Under the assumption of causal sufficiency, we consider the class of differentiable estimators for frequency domain causal quantities, and within this class we identify the asymptotically optimal estimator. We illustrate the frequency domain Wald tests and uncertainty approximation on synthetic data, and apply them to analyse the impact of the 10 to 11 year solar cycle on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our results confirm a significant effect of the solar cycle on the NAO at the 10 to 11 year time scale.

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