中微子屋顶：暗物质直接探测中的单次散射上限
The neutrino roof: Single-scatter ceilings in dark matter direct detection
AI总结：
本研究确定暗物质直接探测中单次散射WIMP搜索的截面上限，重新分析多台吨级探测器数据得到不同散射模式下的参数范围，提出大气中微子本底导致的“中微子屋顶”概念，并估算未来大质量探测器的探测可达范围。
摘要：
我们确定了暗物质直接探测中单次散射“WIMP（弱相互作用大质量粒子）”搜索所能探测的最大截面。由于散射多重数的泊松涨落，这些上限对于重暗物质而言随质量呈对数标度，且通常处于多次散射搜索的探测区域内。利用单次散射事例率的通用公式，我们重新分析了百公斤级至吨级探测器XENON1T、XENONnT、LZ、PANDAX-II、PANDAX-4T、DarkSide-50和DEAP-3600的WIMP搜索结果，得到了质量最高达约10^17 GeV、单核截面最高达10^-22 cm²范围内的上限和下限。我们针对相干散射、几何散射、同位旋破缺的憎氙型和憎氩型自旋无关散射，以及仅中子型和仅质子型自旋相关散射开展了此项工作。未来的大曝光量探测器将面临几乎不可约的大气中微子本底，该本底将决定暗物质探测灵敏度的上限，我们类比已被充分研究的“中微子地板”，将其称为“中微子屋顶”。考虑到这一本底，我们估算了10-100吨级探测器DarkSide-20k、DARWIN/XLZD、PANDAX-xT和Argo的探测 reach（可达范围），它们将能探测直至普朗克质量的多个数量级的未受约束参数空间，同时还估算了已被提出的、与中微子实验协同开展的10^3-10^4吨级惰性液体探测器的探测范围。
英文摘要：
We identify the maximum cross sections probed by single-scatter ``WIMP" searches in dark matter direct detection. Due to Poisson fluctuations in scatter multiplicity, these ceilings scale logarithmically with mass for heavy dark matter and often lie in regions probed by multiscatter searches. Using a generalized formula for single-scatter event rates we recast WIMP searches by the quintal-to-tonne scale detectors XENON1T, XENONnT, LZ, PANDAX-II, PANDAX-4T, DarkSide-50 and DEAP-3600 to obtain ceilings and floors up to a few $10^{17}$ GeV mass and $10^{-22}$ cm$^2$ per-nucleus cross section. We do this for coherent, geometric, isospin-violating xenophobic and argophobic spin-independent scattering, and neutron-only and proton-only spin-dependent scattering. Future large-exposure detectors would register an almost irreducible background of atmospheric neutrinos that would determine a dark matter sensitivity ceiling that we call the ``neutrino roof", in analogy with the well-studied ``neutrino floor". Accounting for this background, we estimate the reaches of the 10$-$100 tonne scale DarkSide-20k, DARWIN/XLZD, PANDAX-xT, and Argo, which would probe many decades of unconstrained parameter space up to the Planck mass, as well as of $10^3-10^4$ tonne scale noble liquid detectors that have been proposed in synergy with neutrino experiments.
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