大学室友对学业表现的异质性同伴效应
Heterogeneous peer effects of college roommates on academic performance
AI总结：
本研究基于5272名本科生的随机分配室友纵向数据，结合零模型与回归方法验证了室友同伴效应的存在，发现效应随同住时间增强，且受同伴异质性调节，为理解同伴对学业表现的影响提供了实证依据。
摘要：
在复杂社会系统中，理解学生同伴如何影响学习成果对有效的教育管理至关重要。然而，同伴选择的复杂性以及同伴关系的动态演变，给利用静态观测数据识别同伴效应带来了挑战。本研究结合零模型与回归方法，基于5272名本科生的纵向数据考察同伴效应，这些学生的室友分配在入学时可被认为是随机的，且室友关系一直持续到毕业。具体而言，我们通过将学生在宿舍间随机打乱的方式构建了室友零模型，并引入同化度量指标来量化室友学业表现的相似性。我们发现，实际数据中的同化程度显著高于室友零模型中的水平，这表明确实存在室友同伴效应——即室友的表现相似性高于仅由随机因素导致的预期水平。此外，同化程度整体呈现随时间上升的趋势，说明室友共同居住的时间越长，同伴效应越强。我们的回归分析进一步揭示了同伴异质性的调节作用。具体来说，当室友表现相近时，学生未来的学业表现与其室友过往平均表现之间的正相关关系会更为显著，同时学生在宿舍内的排名顺序也会产生独立影响。本研究发现有助于理解大学室友在影响学生学业表现方面所起的作用。
英文摘要：
Understanding how student peers influence learning outcomes is crucial for effective education management in complex social systems. The complexities of peer selection and evolving peer relationships, however, pose challenges for identifying peer effects using static observational data. Here we use both null-model and regression approaches to examine peer effects using longitudinal data from 5,272 undergraduates, where roommate assignments are plausibly random upon enrollment and roommate relationships persist until graduation. Specifically, we construct a roommate null model by randomly shuffling students among dorm rooms and introduce an assimilation metric to quantify similarities in roommate academic performance. We find significantly larger assimilation in actual data than in the roommate null model, suggesting roommate peer effects, whereby roommates have more similar performance than expected by chance alone. Moreover, assimilation exhibits an overall increasing trend over time, suggesting that peer effects become stronger the longer roommates live together. Our regression analysis further reveals the moderating role of peer heterogeneity. In particular, when roommates perform similarly, the positive relationship between a student's future performance and their roommates' average prior performance is more pronounced, and their ordinal rank in the dorm room has an independent effect. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of college roommates in influencing student academic performance.
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