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arXiv 2406.09807cs.SE
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同一应用,不同行为:揭示 Android 应用中的设备特定行为

Same App, Different Behaviors: Uncovering Device-specific Behaviors in Android Apps

Zikan Dong, Yanjie Zhao, Tianming Liu, Chao Wang, Guosheng Xu, Guoai Xu, Haoyu Wang

AI总结:

本文提出三阶段静态分析框架,首次大规模实证研究 Android 应用的设备特定行为,揭示其分布、功能类别、隐私滥用风险及开发者实现挑战。

摘要:

Android 生态系统面临一个被称为碎片化的显著挑战,它指的是系统内部的广泛多样性。该问题主要与系统版本、设备硬件规格以及制造商引入的定制差异有关。设备之间日益扩大的分化导致给定应用在不同设备上的行为方式出现明显变化。这被称为设备特定行为。在本工作中,我们首次对真实 Android 应用中的设备特定行为开展大规模实证研究。我们设计了一个三阶段静态分析框架,以准确检测并理解设备特定行为。在将我们的工具应用于一个包含超过 20,000 个应用的数据集后,我们在其中 2,357 个应用中检测到设备特定行为。通过考察设备特定行为的分布,我们的分析表明,与 Google Play 中的同类应用相比,中国第三方应用市场中的应用表现出更多相关行为。此外,这些行为更可能以拥有较大市场份额的主流品牌为特征。与此相应,我们根据已实现的功能将这些设备特定行为划分为 29 个类别,从而为这些行为提供结构化洞察。除问题修复和功能适配等常见行为外,我们还观察到 33 个激进应用,其中包括拥有数百万下载量的热门应用,它们滥用定制 ROM 的系统属性,在无需权限的情况下获取用户不可重置的标识符,对用户隐私造成实质性影响。最后,我们调查了设备特定行为的来源,揭示了开发者在全面实现这些行为时面临的重大挑战。我们的研究阐明了设备特定行为这一富有前景但较少触及的研究方向,使社区利益相关者受益。

英文摘要:

The Android ecosystem faces a notable challenge known as fragmentation, which denotes the extensive diversity within the system. This issue is mainly related to differences in system versions, device hardware specifications, and customizations introduced by manufacturers. The growing divergence among devices leads to marked variations in how a given app behaves across diverse devices. This is referred to as device-specific behaviors. In this work, we present the first large-scale empirical study of device-specific behaviors in real-world Android apps. We have designed a three-phase static analysis framework to accurately detect and understand the device-specific behaviors. Upon employing our tool on a dataset comprising more than 20,000 apps, we detected device-specific behaviors in 2,357 of them. By examining the distribution of device-specific behaviors, our analysis revealed that apps within the Chinese third-party app market exhibit more relevant behaviors compared to their counterparts in Google Play. Additionally, these behaviors are more likely to feature dominant brands that hold larger market shares. Reflecting this, we have classified these device-specific behaviors into 29 categories based on implemented functionalities, providing structured insight into these behaviors. Beyond common behaviors like issue fixes and feature adaptations, we observed 33 aggressive apps, including popular ones with millions of downloads, abusing system properties of customized ROMs to obtain user-unresettable identifiers without requiring permission, substantially impacting user privacy. Finally, we investigated the origins of device-specific behaviors, revealing significant challenges developers face in implementing them comprehensively. Our research sheds light on the promising but less touched research direction of device-specific behaviors, benefiting community stakeholders.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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