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arXiv 2406.09352physics.atom-phquant-ph
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一种使用铷原子 $4D_J$ 态的光学原子钟

An optical atomic clock using $4D_J$ states of rubidium

Alisher Duspayev, Carlos Owens, Bineet Dash, Georg Raithel

备注：
A.D. and C.O. contributed equally to this work; 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
发表信息：
Quantum Sci. Technol. 9 045046 (2024)
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AI总结：

本文提出利用铷 $5S_{1/2}\rightarrow4D_J$ 双光子跃迁的光学原子钟，通过双色激发与 1060 nm 魔幻波长实现阱内无多普勒探测，预计稳定度达 $10^{-13}/\sqrt{τ(s)}$。

摘要：

我们分析了一种利用铷原子双光子 $5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 4D_J$ 跃迁的光学原子钟。详细考察了用于探测精细结构态 $4D_{3/2}$ 和 $4D_{5/2}$ 的四种单色与双色激发方案。我们比较了 Rb $4D_J$ 与 $5D_{5/2}$ 双光子钟的关键特性。$4D_J$ 钟得益于波长适宜的双光子衰变，具有高信噪比，同时具有低直流电极化率与磁化率，以及极小的黑体辐射频移。通过双色 Rabi 频率匹配，可补偿钟探测激光引起的交流 Stark 频移。我们识别出一个位于 1060 nm 附近的“魔幻”波长，可在光晶格囚禁的冷原子中实现阱内、无多普勒的钟跃迁探测。基于对钟统计特性与系统误差的分析，我们预计其量子噪声极限的相对钟稳定度可达 $10^{-13}/\sqrt{τ(s)}$ 水平（其中积分时间 $τ$ 以秒为单位），相对准确度约为 $10^{-13}$。我们描述了一种使用单一 1550 nm 通信波段钟激光来实现所提议钟的潜在架构，这有利于光通信和长距离钟比对。本工作对实现小型便携式 Rb 钟以及高精度测量 Rb $4D_J$ 态原子特性的研究具有参考价值。

英文摘要：

We analyze an optical atomic clock using two-photon $5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 4D_J$ transitions in rubidium. Four one- and two-color excitation schemes to probe the fine-structure states $4D_{3/2}$ and $4D_{5/2}$ are considered in detail. We compare key characteristics of Rb $4D_J$ and $5D_{5/2}$ two-photon clocks. The $4D_J$ clock features a high signal-to-noise ratio due to two-photon decay at favorable wavelengths, low dc electric and magnetic susceptibilities, and minimal black-body shifts. Ac Stark shifts from the clock interrogation lasers are compensated by two-color Rabi-frequency matching. We identify a "magic" wavelength near 1060~nm, which allows for in-trap, Doppler-free clock-transition interrogation with lattice-trapped cold atoms. From our analysis of clock statistics and systematics, we project a quantum-noise-limited relative clock stability at the $10^{-13}/\sqrt{τ(s)}$-level, with integration time $τ$ in seconds, and a relative accuracy of $\sim 10^{-13}$. We describe a potential architecture for implementing the proposed clock using a single telecom clock laser at 1550~nm, which is conducive to optical communication and long-distance clock comparisons. Our work could be of interest in efforts to realize small and portable Rb clocks and in high-precision measurements of atomic properties of Rb $4D_J$-states.

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