完美隐藏秩序与Z2约束相变在完全填充单极液体中
Perfectly hidden order and Z2 confinement transition in a fully packed monopole liquid
AI总结：
研究通过Kramers-Wannier对偶性证明了自旋冰变种中Z2约束相变与Ising模型的临界行为，揭示了非局部弦序参量的隐藏秩序特性。
摘要：
我们研究了一种变种的自旋冰，其退相干态是密集排列的单极配置。施加的磁场使该模型经历Z2约束相变。这一相变是U(1)卡斯泰林相变的一种变体，但不同于饱和秩序，系统在约束相中表现出波动，并在相变两侧显示出临界标度。值得注意的是，磁响应的临界指数与三维异类 universality 类中的比热临界指数相匹配。我们通过Kramers-Wannier对偶性将该问题映射到Ising模型来证明这种普遍性。对偶序参量映射回原始模型中的非局部弦序参量，这种参量对任何局部探测都是不可见的。此外，我们用包含配对项的玻色子场论描述了相变。
英文摘要：
We investigate a variant of spin ice whose degenerate ground states are densely packed monopole configurations. An applied field drives this model through a Z2 confinement transition. This phase change is a variant of the U(1) Kasteleyn transition, but instead of saturated order the system has fluctuations in the confined phase, and shows critical scaling on both sides of the transition. Remarkably, the magnetic response scales with the critical exponent of the specific heat in the 3D Ising universality class. We prove this universality using a Kramers--Wannier duality to map to an Ising model. The dual order parameter maps back to a non-local string order parameter in the original model, invisible to any local probe. Further, we describe the transition in terms of a bosonic field theory including a pairing term.
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