用于前驱体相工程顺序沉积钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定甲脒三碘化铅的绿色溶剂体系
A green solvent system for precursor phase-engineered sequential deposition of stable formamidinium lead triiodide for perovskite solar cells
AI总结：
本文提出高挥发、低毒且生物可再生的绿色溶剂体系，通过二维前驱体相工程在环境条件下制备稳定α-FAPbI3，显著提升PSCs的光热与湿热稳定性。
摘要：
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）为现有光伏技术提供了一种高效、廉价的替代方案，并具有通过高通量涂布方法制造的潜力。然而，金属卤化物钙钛矿商业化规模溶液加工所面临的挑战包括有害溶剂的使用、维持受控大气条件的高昂成本，以及PSCs在运行过程中的固有不稳定性。在此，我们通过引入一种高挥发性、低毒性、生物可再生的溶剂体系来应对这些挑战，以制备一系列二维钙钛矿；这些二维钙钛矿是后续转化为α-甲脒三碘化铅（FAPbI3）的高效前驱体相，且整个加工过程均在环境条件下完成。采用我们所制备FAPbI3的PSCs在光照和高温（ISOS-L-2）以及“湿热”（ISOS-D-3）应力条件下可重复地表现出显著稳定性，超过了其他最先进的钙钛矿组分。我们确定，这种增强源于二维前驱体相结晶路径，该路径同时避免了低挥发性残留溶剂（如DMF和DMSO）的滞留，并降低了材料中FA+的降解速率。我们的研究结果既强调了初始结晶过程在决定钙钛矿材料运行稳定性方面的关键作用，也表明尽管α相具有固有亚稳态，纯FA+基钙钛矿仍可具备具有竞争力的稳定性。
英文摘要：
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an efficient, inexpensive alternative to current photovoltaic technologies, with the potential for manufacture via high-throughput coating methods. However, challenges for commercial-scale solution-processing of metal-halide perovskites include the use of harmful solvents, the expense of maintaining controlled atmospheric conditions, and the inherent instabilities of PSCs under operation. Here, we address these challenges by introducing a high volatility, low toxicity, biorenewable solvent system to fabricate a range of 2D perovskites, which highly effective precursor phases for subsequent transformation to alpha-formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3), fully processed under ambient conditions. PSCs utilising our FAPbI3 reproducibly show remarkable stability under illumination and elevated temperature (ISOS-L-2) and "damp heat" (ISOS-D-3) stressing, surpassing other state-of-the-art perovskite compositions. We determine that this enhancement is a consequence of the 2D precursor phase crystallisation route, which simultaneously avoids retention of residual low-volatility solvents (such as DMF and DMSO) and reduces the rate of degradation of FA+ in the material. Our findings highlight both the critical role of the initial crystallisation process in determining the operational stability of perovskite materials, and that neat FA+-based perovskites can be competitively stable despite the inherent metastability of the alpha-phase.
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