调控有机空穴传输中间层的润湿特性以用于狭缝涂布钙钛矿太阳能组件
Tailoring wetting properties of organic hole-transport interlayers for slot-die coated perovskite solar modules
AI总结：
本文提出将pTPA-TDP与TPATC基SAM共混作为NiO/钙钛矿界面层，改善狭缝涂布润湿性和界面钝化，从而提升大面积钙钛矿组件的效率、稳定性与低温性能。
摘要：
在具有金属氧化物电荷传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池中，使用带有锚定基团的自组装单分子层（SAMs）被认为是界面工程的一种有效方法。然而，由于溶液黏度低且薄膜润湿性差，通过狭缝涂布在PSM（钙钛矿太阳能组件）中涂覆SAM层是一个具有挑战性的过程。本研究中，我们将一种基于三苯胺的聚合物pTPA-TDP与基于5-[4-[4-(二苯基氨基)苯基]噻吩-2-羧酸（TPATC）的SAM共混，以应对大面积组件中均匀狭缝涂布和界面钝化的挑战。我们在50×50 mm²基底（12个子电池）上制备了p-i-n取向的PSM，其具有NiO空穴传输层（HTL）和用于表面改性的有机中间层。润湿角映射表明，狭缝涂布SAM的不均匀区域具有疏水性，接触角值高达90°，导致吸收层厚度波动，并在埋底界面处出现宏观缺陷。将共混中间层引入NiO/钙钛矿结使表面润湿性均匀化（接触角=40°），并缓解了吸收层中的晶格应变。这使得SAM的特性能够在大面积表面上得到有效利用，改善了能级排列，并将组件的功率转换效率（PCE）从13.98%提高到15.83%，稳定性（ISOS-L-2，T80周期）从500–1000小时提高到1630小时。对PSM冷却至-5°C的研究表明，具有NiO HTL的样品PCE增加系数为+0.19%/°C，而使用SAM和共混中间层时，由于在宽温度范围内活化能和陷阱对器件性能贡献的变化，该系数提高至约0.40%/°C。
英文摘要：
The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with anchoring groups was considered as an effective approach for interface engineering in perovskite solar cells with metal oxide charge transporting layers. However, the coating of SAM layers in PSMs by means of a slot-die is a challenging process due to the low viscosity of the solutions and the low wettability of the films. In this study, we integrate a triphenylamine-based polymer, pTPA-TDP, blended with SAM based on 5-[4-[4-(diphenylamino) phenyl] thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (TPATC), to address the challenges of uniform slot-die coating and interface passivation in large-area modules. We fabricated p-i-n oriented PSMs on 50x50 mm2 substrates (12-sub-cells) with NiO hole transport layer (HTL) and organic interlayers for surface modification. Wetting angle mapping demonstrated that ununiform regions of the slot-die coated SAM have hydrophobicity with contact angle values up to 90°, causing fluctuations in absorber thickness and the presence of macro-defects at buried interfaces. The incorporation of the blended interlayer to NiO/perovskite junction homogenized the surface wettability (contact angle=40°) and mitigated lattice strain in the absorber. This enabled the effective use of SAM properties on a large-area surface, improving energy level alignment and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the modules from 13.98% to 15.83% and stability (ISOS-L-2, T80 period) from 500-1000 hours to 1630 hours. Investigation of PSMs upon cooling till -5 °C showed that the PCE increased by +0.19%/°C for samples with NiO HTL, while using SAM and blended interlayers raised the coefficient to ~0.40%/°C due to changes in activation energy and trap contributions to device performance across a wide temperature range.
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