基于三十年卫星高度计观测的全球海洋涡旋动能的稳健增强
Robust intensification of global ocean Eddy Kinetic Energy from three decades of satellite altimetry observations
AI总结：
本研究基于30年卫星高度计观测发现全球海洋涡旋动能（EKE）每十年显著增强1-3%，黑潮延伸体和湾流增幅尤为突出，并指出湾流增强对AMOC的影响及改进气候模型中小尺度过程表征的必要性。
摘要：
海洋中尺度变率是气候系统的关键组成部分，影响海洋环流及热量、气体、碳和营养物质的分布。研究利用基于30年高度计观测构建的两套产品，考察了涡旋动能（EKE，衡量其强度的指标）的趋势。全球平均EKE呈统计显著的正趋势，显示每十年增强1-3%。中尺度活动强烈的区域比其他区域变得更具能量。在黑潮延伸体和湾流观测到稳健的EKE正趋势，过去十年EKE分别显著增加约50%和约20%。本研究对观测到的湾流增强如何影响AMOC提出了新问题，并挑战了现有气候模型，强调改进小尺度海洋过程表征的必要性。
英文摘要：
Ocean mesoscale variability, a key component of the climate system, influences ocean circulation and heat, gas, carbon and nutrient distribution. Trends on Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE), a metric measuring its intensity, are investigated using two products constructed from 30 years of altimetric observations. Statistically significant positive trends in globally-averaged EKE reveal a strengthening of 1-3% per decade. Regions of intense mesoscale activity become more energetic than other areas. Robust positive EKE trends are observed in the Kuroshio Extension and the Gulf Stream, with remarkable EKE increases of ~50% and ~20%, respectively, over the last decade. Our study opens a new question into how the observed Gulf Stream strengthening impacts the AMOC, and challenges existing climate models emphasizing the necessity for improved small-scale ocean process representation.
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