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arXiv 2406.07979cs.LGcs.AIcs.IR
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基于图神经网络的启发式学习:一个统一的链路预测框架

Heuristic Learning with Graph Neural Networks: A Unified Framework for Link Prediction

Tsinghua University(清华大学)

Juzheng Zhang, Lanning Wei, Zhen Xu, Quanming Yao

AI总结:

本文提出统一矩阵表述以整合局部与全局链路预测启发式方法,并设计HL-GNN高效实现,在多个数据集上以低参数和低耗时取得显著性能提升。

摘要:

链路预测是图学习中的一项基础任务,其本质上受到图拓扑结构的影响。尽管传统启发式方法以图拓扑为基础,但它们在跨多样化图进行泛化时面临挑战。近期研究工作旨在利用启发式方法的潜力,然而,一种能够同时容纳局部和全局启发式方法的统一表述仍未被发现。鉴于局部和全局启发式方法都可以通过邻接矩阵乘法来表示,我们提出了一种统一的矩阵表述,以容纳并泛化各种启发式方法。我们进一步提出了启发式学习图神经网络(Heuristic Learning Graph Neural Network,HL-GNN),以高效实现该表述。HL-GNN采用层内传播和层间连接,使其能够达到约20层的深度,同时具有低于GCN的时间复杂度。在Planetoid、Amazon和OGB数据集上进行的大量实验凸显了HL-GNN的有效性和效率。它在预测性能上大幅优于现有方法。此外,HL-GNN比受启发式启发的方法快几个数量级,同时只需要少量可训练参数。案例研究进一步表明,泛化后的启发式方法和学习到的权重具有高度可解释性。

英文摘要:

Link prediction is a fundamental task in graph learning, inherently shaped by the topology of the graph. While traditional heuristics are grounded in graph topology, they encounter challenges in generalizing across diverse graphs. Recent research efforts have aimed to leverage the potential of heuristics, yet a unified formulation accommodating both local and global heuristics remains undiscovered. Drawing insights from the fact that both local and global heuristics can be represented by adjacency matrix multiplications, we propose a unified matrix formulation to accommodate and generalize various heuristics. We further propose the Heuristic Learning Graph Neural Network (HL-GNN) to efficiently implement the formulation. HL-GNN adopts intra-layer propagation and inter-layer connections, allowing it to reach a depth of around 20 layers with lower time complexity than GCN. Extensive experiments on the Planetoid, Amazon, and OGB datasets underscore the effectiveness and efficiency of HL-GNN. It outperforms existing methods by a large margin in prediction performance. Additionally, HL-GNN is several orders of magnitude faster than heuristic-inspired methods while requiring only a few trainable parameters. The case study further demonstrates that the generalized heuristics and learned weights are highly interpretable.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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