通过添加剂工程实现效率超过17%的Sb$_2$S$_3$室内光伏
Additive engineering for Sb$_2$S$_3$ indoor photovoltaics with efficiency exceeding 17%
AI总结：
本文通过在前驱体溶液中添加单乙醇胺（MEA）调控Sb$_2$S$_3$薄膜成核与生长，制备高质量吸收层，将Sb$_2$S$_3$室内光伏效率提升至17.55%，并展示了其用于物联网无线传感器供电的可行性。
摘要：
室内光伏（IPVs）因可持续地为物联网（IoT）电子设备供电而受到越来越多的关注。Sb$_2$S$_3$是一种有前景的室内光伏候选材料，其带隙约为1.75 eV，接近室内能量收集的最优值。然而，Sb$_2$S$_3$太阳能电池的性能受到非辐射复合的限制，这与吸收层薄膜质量较差密切相关。添加剂工程是改善溶液法制备薄膜性能的有效策略。本工作表明，在前驱体溶液中加入单乙醇胺（MEA）可以控制Sb$_2$S$_3$薄膜的成核与生长，从而沉积出高质量的Sb$_2$S$_3$吸收层，其晶界密度降低、能带位置优化且载流子浓度提高。结合计算研究，揭示出MEA的引入使得在衬底上增强异质成核的沉积过程更加高效且能量上更有利，从而增大了晶粒尺寸并加快了Sb$_2$S$_3$薄膜的沉积速率。由于Sb$_2$S$_3$吸收层中载流子复合受到抑制且电荷载流子输运得到改善，经MEA调制的Sb$_2$S$_3$太阳能电池在AM1.5G光照下实现了7.22%的功率转换效率（PCE），在1000 lux白光发光二极管（WLED）光照下实现了17.55%的室内光伏功率转换效率，这是迄今已报道的Sb$_2$S$_3$室内光伏的最高效率。此外，我们构建了高性能大面积Sb$_2$S$_3$室内光伏模块，用于为物联网无线传感器供电，并在办公室WLED光照下实现了环境参数的长期连续记录。本工作凸显了Sb$_2$S$_3$光伏在室内能量收集方面的巨大前景。
英文摘要：
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have attracted increasing attention for sustainably powering Internet of Things (IoT) electronics. Sb$_2$S$_3$ is a promising IPV candidate material with a bandgap of ~1.75 eV, which is near the optimal value for indoor energy harvesting. However, the performance of Sb$_2$S$_3$ solar cells is limited by nonradiative recombination, closely associated with the poor-quality absorber films. Additive engineering is an effective strategy to improved the properties of solution-processed films. This work shows that the addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) into the precursor solution allows the nucleation and growth of Sb$_2$S$_3$ films to be controlled, enabling the deposition of high-quality Sb$_2$S$_3$ absorbers with reduced grain boundary density, optimized band positions and increased carrier concentration. Complemented with computations, it is revealed that the incorporation of MEA leads to a more efficient and energetically favorable deposition for enhanced heterogeneous nucleation on the substrate, which increases the grain size and accelerates the deposition rate of Sb$_2$S$_3$ films. Due to suppressed carrier recombination and improved charge-carrier transport in Sb$_2$S$_3$ absorber films, the MEA-modulated Sb$_2$S$_3$ solar cell yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.22% under AM1.5G illumination, and an IPV PCE of 17.55% under 1000 lux white light emitting diode (WLED) illumination, which is the highest yet reported for Sb$_2$S$_3$ IPVs. Furthermore, we construct high performance large-area Sb$_2$S$_3$ IPV modules to power IoT wireless sensors, and realize the long-term continuous recording of environmental parameters under WLED illumination in an office. This work highlights the great prospect of Sb$_2$S$_3$ photovoltaics for indoor energy harvesting.
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