JWST对受黑洞喷流影响的气体案例研究：星系IC5063中的外流、弓形激波与气体高激发
A case study of gas impacted by black-hole jets with the JWST: outflows, bow shocks, and high excitation of the gas in the galaxy IC5063
AI总结：
利用JWST MIRI数据研究星系IC5063中黑洞喷流与气体盘相互作用，揭示了十余个外流区域、弓形激波及气体高激发现象，表明喷流相关激波与宇宙射线共同导致分子气体激发过量。
摘要：
我们展示了星系IC5063内部3x2kpc^2区域的James Webb Space Telescope MIRI数据，在该区域，超大质量黑洞的喷流与其穿过的气体盘发生相互作用。已知喷流驱动的外流沿喷流路径附近启动，并改变分子云的稳定性，可能改变其恒星形成特性。MIRI数据在红外波段具有前所未有的分辨率和灵敏度，现在揭示了存在超过十个具有外流的离散区域，使此类已知区域数量几乎翻倍。外流存在于射电瓣附近、核心处、垂直于喷流的双锥结构中，以及逆盘运动的气泡中。在部分外流中，观测到高于逃逸速度的速度。还观测到分层现象，更高电离或激发的气体获得更高速度。在比射电瓣更远离核心、没有显著射电辐射的区域发现更多外流和弓形激波，揭示了过去或微弱射电喷流与星际介质相互作用的存在。弓形激波与光学延伸发射线区域（EELR）的吻合表明，喷流也贡献了气体电离。H2气体激发温度T_ex的图谱表明，分子气体在射电辐射区域最为激发。在那里，T_ex比EELR内部高>100 K。我们认为，与喷流相关的激波和宇宙射线的组合可能是这种过量分子气体激发的原因。
英文摘要：
We present James Webb Space Telescope MIRI data of the inner 3x2kpc^2 of the galaxy IC5063, in which the jets of a supermassive black hole interact with the gaseous disk they are crossing. Jet-driven outflows were known to be initiated along or near the jet path and to modify the stability of molecular clouds, possibly altering their star formation properties. The MIRI data, of unprecedented resolution and sensitivity in the infrared, now reveal that there are more than ten discrete regions with outflows, nearly doubling the number of such known regions. Outflows exist near the radio lobes, at the nucleus, in a biconical structure perpendicular to the jet, and in a bubble moving against the disk. In some of them, velocities above escape velocity are observed. Stratification is also observed, with higher ionization or excitation gas attaining higher velocities. More outflows and bow shocks, found further away from the nucleus than the radio lobes, in regions without significant radio emission, reveal the existence of past or weak radio jets that interacted with the interstellar medium. The coincidence of the bow shocks with the optical extended emission line region (EELR) suggests that the jets also contributed to the gas ionization. Maps of the H2 gas excitation temperature, T_ex, indicate that the molecular gas is most excited in regions with radio emission. There, T_ex is >100 K higher than in the EELR interior. We argue that a combination of jet-related shocks and cosmic rays is likely responsible for this excess molecular gas excitation.
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