将生命编织进风化层：工程化自养-异养共生体用于从颗粒状原料自主生物制造
Weaving Life into Regolith: Engineered Autotrophic-Heterotrophic Consortia for Autonomous Biofabrication from Granular Feedstocks
AI总结：
本研究通过工程化自养-异养共生体，利用火星风化层模拟物作为主要无机基质，实现了持续生长和生物矿化，展示了资源受限条件下近闭环生物矿化生产的可行性。
摘要：
长期火星人类任务将需要能够将本地资源转化为结构材料、工具和功能组件的自主系统。更广泛地说，此类系统代表了一类资源受限的生物过程，适用于极端环境制造。本文研究了受地衣生物学启发的工程化自养-异养共生体，作为从颗粒状原料自主生物制造的平台。我们通过实验筛选丝状真菌，并与固氮蓝藻配对，以识别在火星风化层模拟物存在下，无需外部有机碳或氮输入即可维持生长和生物矿化能力的相互支持共生体。所选共培养物表现出代谢耦合的证据，非靶向代谢组学分析揭示了共生体内的协调重编程，一致于整合的碳和氮代谢。这些系统促进了风化层颗粒的矿物固化，展示了在资源受限条件下近闭环生物矿化生产的可行性。尽管与增材制造的整合仍处于概念阶段，但本研究建立了一个框架，用于工程化自维持微生物共生体以进行生物材料生产，并突显了在地球和外层空间环境中将代谢与材料合成相结合的机会。
英文摘要：
Long-duration human missions to Mars will require autonomous systems capable of converting in situ resources into structural materials, tools, and functional components. More broadly, such systems represent a class of resource-limited bioprocesses relevant to extreme-environment manufacturing. Here, we investigate engineered autotrophic-heterotrophic consortia, inspired by lichen biology, as a platform for autonomous biofabrication from granular feedstocks. We experimentally screened filamentous fungi and paired them with diazotrophic cyanobacteria to identify mutually supportive consortia capable of sustained growth and biomineral production in the presence of Martian regolith simulant as the primary inorganic substrate, without external organic carbon or nitrogen inputs. Selected co-cultures exhibited evidence of metabolic coupling, and untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed coordinated reprogramming consistent with integrated carbon and nitrogen metabolism within the consortia. These systems facilitated mineral consolidation of regolith particles, demonstrating the feasibility of near-closed-loop biomineral production under resource-limited conditions. While integration with additive manufacturing remains conceptual, this study establishes a framework for engineering self-sustaining microbial consortia for biomaterials production and highlights opportunities for coupling metabolism with material synthesis in both extraterrestrial and terrestrial environments.
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