通过天王星轨道器与探测器任务的星载多普勒跟踪弥合微赫兹引力波空白：大质量黑洞双星、早期宇宙信号与超轻暗物质
Bridging the micro-Hz gravitational wave gap via Doppler tracking with the Uranus Orbiter and Probe Mission: Massive black hole binaries, early universe signals and ultra-light dark matter
AI总结：
本研究探讨利用天王星旗舰任务的射电多普勒跟踪设备，在行星际巡航期间探测引力波与暗物质信号，填补微赫兹频段空白，并预测可探测大质量黑洞双星及测试超轻暗物质模型。
摘要：
随着美国国家航空航天局（NASA）《2023-2032年行星科学与天体生物学十年调查》的近期公布，一项前往天王星（Uranus）的优先旗舰任务被预期实施。在此，我们探讨利用该任务的射电多普勒跟踪设备，在其行星际巡航期间探测引力波（GWs）以及与暗物质（DM）相关的其他类似信号的前景。我们开发了一种方法来堆叠跟踪数据并考虑随时间变化的探测器几何结构，从而构建该任务在$3\times 10^{-9}$ Hz至$10^{-4}$ Hz宽频率范围内对引力波的灵敏度。我们发现该任务有潜力填补脉冲星计时和天基干涉引力波观测站之间的空白。如果实现将《卡西尼》（Cassini）时代噪声降低约10倍的改进，我们利用两个独立的种群模型预测可探测到约几个（$\mathcal{O}(\rm{few})$）单个大质量黑洞双星。此外，我们确定了该任务对天体物理和原初随机引力波背景的灵敏度，以及其测试甚至通过探测确认超轻暗物质模型的能力。在所有上述情况下，航天器在其行星际巡航期间的跟踪将能够覆盖参数空间中尚未探索的区域，这些区域可能隐藏着我们宇宙中新现象的信号。
英文摘要：
With the recent announcement by NASA's \textit{Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032}, a priority flagship mission to the planet Uranus is anticipated. Here, we explore the prospects of using the mission's radio Doppler tracking equipment to detect gravitational waves (GWs) and other analogous signals related to dark matter (DM) over the duration of its interplanetary cruise. We develop a methodology to stack tracking data and account for time varying detector geometry, thereby constructing the sensitivity of the mission to GWs over the wide frequency range of $3\times 10^{-9}$ Hz to $10^{-4}$ Hz. We find that the mission has the potential to fill the gap between pulsar timing and space-based-interferometry GW observatories. If improvements in reducing \textit{Cassini} era noise by a factor of $\sim$10 are implemented, we forecast the detection of $\mathcal{\mathcal{O}}(\rm{few})$ individual massive black hole binaries using two independent population models. Additionally, we determine the mission's sensitivity to both astrophysical and primordial stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds, as well as its capacity to test, or even confirm via detection, ultralight DM models. In all these cases, the tracking of the spacecraft over its interplanetary cruise would enable coverage of unexplored regions of parameter space, where signals from new phenomena in our Universe may be lurking.
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