ZTF SN Ia DR2: Colour standardisation of Type Ia Supernovae and its dependence on environment
M. Ginolin, M. Rigault, Y. Copin, B. Popovic, G. Dimitriadis, A. Goobar, J. Johansson, K. Maguire, J. Nordin, M. Smith, M. Aubert, C. Barjou-Delayre, U. Burgaz,… 展开作者
M. Ginolin, M. Rigault, Y. Copin, B. Popovic, G. Dimitriadis, A. Goobar, J. Johansson, K. Maguire, J. Nordin, M. Smith, M. Aubert, C. Barjou-Delayre, U. Burgaz, B. Carreres, S. Dhawan, M. Deckers, F. Feinstein, D. Fouchez, L. Galbany, C. Ganot, T. de Jaeger, Y. -L. Kim, D. Kuhn, L. Lacroix, T. E. Müller-Bravo, P. Nugent, B. Racine, P. Rosnet, D. Rosselli, F. Ruppin, J. Sollerman, J. H. Terwel, A. Townsend, R. Dekany, M. Graham, M. Kasliwal, S. L. Groom, J. Purdum, B. Rusholme, S. van der Walt
备注:
10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
本研究基于ZTF SN Ia DR2样本,探究低红移Ia型超新星颜色标准化的环境依赖性,发现其颜色残差与颜色线性相关、β随宿主质量演化,且星等偏移阶跃无颜色演化,提示尘埃非星等环境依赖性主导机制。
摘要:
随着Ia型超新星(SN Ia)宇宙学从统计主导时代过渡到系统误差主导时代,理解影响其光度的剩余未解释不确定性(如源自天体物理偏差的不确定性)至关重要。SN Ia是可标准化烛光,当考虑其光变曲线延展度、颜色及其环境的经验相关性时,其绝对星等的散射可达0.15星等。我们研究SN Ia标准化过程对天体物理环境的依赖性,重点关注颜色标准化。我们使用体积受限的ZTF SN Ia DR2样本,该样本为低红移(z < 0.06)范围提供了前所未有的统计数据。我们首先研究颜色分布,然后选择无尘埃的子样本。接着,我们检查颜色残差关系及其相关参数β。最后,我们研究环境相关星等偏移(阶跃)的颜色依赖性,以分离其本征和外禀成分。我们近1000颗SN的样本探测到颜色分布的红尾,最高达c = 0.8。无尘埃样本的红尾比整个样本显著更短(4.3σ),但两个样本在c~0附近的分布相似。这表明c≥0.2以上的红化主要由宿主星系的星际尘埃吸收主导。颜色残差关系与SN颜色呈线性。我们发现β随宿主恒星质量潜在演化的迹象:低质量星系的β~3.6,而全样本的β=3.05±0.06。最后,与文献中最近的主张相反,我们发现阶跃随SN颜色无演化。这表明尘埃可能不是SN Ia星等环境依赖性的主导机制。
英文摘要:
As type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology transitions from a statistics-dominated to a systematics-dominated era, it is crucial to understand the remaining unexplained uncertainties that affect their luminosity, such as those stemming from astrophysical biases. SNe Ia are standardisable candles whose absolute magnitude reaches a scatter of 0.15 mag when empirical correlations with their light-curve stretch and colour and with their environment are accounted for. We investigate the dependence of the standardisation process of SNe Ia on the astrophysical environment, focusing on colour standardisation. We used the volume-limited ZTF SN Ia DR2 sample, which offers unprecedented statistics for the low-redshift ($z < 0.06$) range. We first studied the colour distribution, to then select a dustless subsample of objects. We then examined the colour-residual relation and its associated parameter $β$. Finally, we investigated the colour dependence of the environment-dependent magnitude offsets (steps) to separate their intrinsic and extrinsic components. Our sample of nearly 1,000 SNe probes the red tail of the colour distribution up to $c = 0.8$. The dustless sample exhibits a significantly shorter red tail ($4.3σ$) than the whole sample, but the distributions around $c\sim0$ are similar for both samples. This suggests that the reddening above $c\geq0.2$ is dominated by interstellar dust absorption of the host. The colour-residual relation is linear with SN colour. We found indications of a potential evolution of $β$ with the stellar host mass, with $β\sim3.6$ for low-mass galaxies, compared to $β=3.05\pm0.06$ for the full sample. Finally, in contrast to recent claims from the literature, we found no evolution of steps as a function of SN colour. This suggests that dust may not be the dominating mechanism for the dependence on the environment of the magnitude of SNe Ia.
ZTF-SEDm Type Ia supernova sample for Twins Embedding spectrophotometric standardization
IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1(里昂物理与粒子研究所 / 法国国家科学研究中心);Department of Physics, Lancaster University(兰开斯特大学物理系);The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, AlbaNova(奥斯卡·克莱因中心);School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin(都柏林三一学院物理学院);Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin(柏林洪堡大学物理研究所);Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室物理部);Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPCA(克莱蒙奥弗涅大学 / 法国国家科学研究中心);Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, LPNHE(索邦大学 / 法国国家科学研究中心);Department of Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校天体物理学系);Institute of Space Sciences(空间科学研究所)
本文利用 ZTF DR2 数据构建了大规模同质光谱类 Ia 飞行弹样本,并改进了 SEDm 样本的流量校准精度,通过 Twins 嵌入方法实现了光谱标准化,最终释放了 1607 个类 Ia 飞行弹的流量校准光谱。
On the origin of the environmental dependence of SN Ia magnitudes: A BayeSN view of the ZTF SN Ia DR2
Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天体物理研究所与卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Statistical Laboratory, DPMMS, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系统计实验室)
本文利用BayeSN模型分析ZTF SN Ia DR2数据,发现Ia型超新星绝对光度与宿主环境的内在关联,证实环境阶梯并非由SALT拟合引起。
ZTF SN Ia DR2 follow-up: Exploring the origin of the Type Ia supernova host galaxy step through Si II velocities
Trinity College Dublin(都柏林三一学院);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)(空间科学研究所(ICE-CSIC));Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究研究所(IEEC));Université Lyon, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3(里昂大学,法国国家科学研究中心,IP2I里昂/IN2P3);Yonsei University(延世大学);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Universidad Arturo Prat(阿图罗·普拉特大学);Lancaster University(兰卡斯特大学);Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin(柏林洪堡大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Northwestern University(西北大学)
通过分析ZTF SN Ia DR2数据,研究Si II速度与宿主星系质量步的关系,发现NV SNe Ia在中心区域表现出显著的质量步,而HV SNe Ia则无,表明NV SNe Ia更受环境影响。
The colour variability of low-z SNe Ia is entirely explained by dust
SISSA(国际高等研究学院);INFN – National Institute for Nuclear Physics(意大利国家核物理研究所);ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing(高性能计算、大数据与量子计算国家研究中心);Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);University of Barcelona(巴塞罗那大学)