Apertif快速射电暴样本的全面分析：与年轻、高能中子星的相似性
Comprehensive analysis of the Apertif Fast Radio Burst sample: similarities with young, energetic neutron stars
AI总结：
基于Apertif巡天数据的24个FRB样本分析，揭示了其在偏振、散射和磁场环境等方面与年轻高能磁化中子星高度相似。
摘要：
理解快速射电暴（FRBs）的起源已成为近期专用FRB巡天的主要科学驱动力。在2019年7月至2022年2月期间，我们使用安装在Westerbork综合射电望远镜（WSRT）上的Apertif仪器在1370 MHz频段开展了ALERT巡天。在此，我们报告探测到了18个新的FRBs，并研究了巡天期间探测到的全部24个暴发样本的特性。对于其中5个暴发，我们确定了关联概率>50%的宿主星系候选体。我们观测到平均线偏振分数约为43%，平均圆偏振分数与0%一致。三分之一的FRBs显示出多个分量。该样本进一步揭示了一群高度散射的暴发，这极有可能是在紧邻的暴周环境中产生的。此外，两个FRBs显示出高旋转测量值的证据，在源参考系中达到|RM|>10^3 rad m^-2。总而言之，ALERT发现的散射和旋转测量值证明很大一部分FRBs嵌入在复杂的介质中，例如恒星形成区或超新星遗迹。通过发现迄今为止色散度第三高的FRB，我们证明了一次性FRBs可以在超过6 GHz的频率下发射。最后，我们确定了在4.1 Jy ms的流量限值以上，FRB的全天球出现率为459^{+208}_{-155} sky^-1 day^-1，以及幂律指数为γ=-1.23±0.06±0.2的流量累积分布，这与欧几里得宇宙预测大致一致。通过ALERT所具备的时间、频率、偏振和定位的高分辨率，我们能够确定FRBs的形态复杂性、偏振、局部散射和磁场环境以及高频光度。我们发现所有这些都与在年轻、高能、强磁场中子星中观察到的情况极为相似。
英文摘要：
Understanding the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has become the main science driver of recent dedicated FRB surveys. Between July 2019 and February 2022, we carried out ALERT, an FRB survey at 1370 MHz using the Apertif instrument installed at the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). Here we report the detection of 18 new FRBs, and we study the properties of the entire 24 burst sample detected during the survey. For five bursts, we identify host galaxy candidates with >50% probability association. We observe an average linear polarisation fraction of $\sim$43% and an average circular polarisation fraction consistent with 0%. A third of the FRBs display multiple components. The sample next reveals a population of highly scattered bursts, which is most likely to have been produced in the immediate circumburst environment. Furthermore, two FRBs show evidence for high rotation measures, reaching |RM|>$10^3$ rad m$^{-2}$ in the source reference frames. Together, the scattering and rotation measures ALERT finds prove that a large fraction of FRBs are embedded in complex media such as star forming regions or supernova remnants. Through the discovery of the third most dispersed FRB so far, we show that one-off FRBs can emit at frequencies in excess of 6 GHz. Finally, we determine an FRB all-sky rate of $459^{+208}_{-155}$ sky$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$ above a fluence limit of 4.1 Jy ms, and a fluence cumulative distribution with a power law index $γ=-1.23\pm0.06\pm0.2$, which is roughly consistent with the Euclidean Universe predictions. Through the high resolution in time, frequency, polarisation and localisation that ALERT featured, we were able to determine the morphological complexity, polarisation, local scattering and magnetic environment, and high-frequency luminosity of FRBs. We find all these strongly resemble those seen in young, energetic, highly magnetised neutron stars.
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