近场ISCAP系统中超大阵列天线的安全通信
Secure Communications in Near-Filed ISCAP Systems with Extremely Large-Scale Antenna Arrays
AI总结：
本文研究近场ISCAP系统中ELAA的安全通信，通过联合波束成形设计，利用感知/能量波束作为人工噪声，在满足感知和供电约束下最大化保密速率，并验证了距离域分辨率的优势。
摘要：
本文研究了基站配备超大阵列天线（ELAA）的近场多功能集成感知、通信与供电（ISCAP）系统中的安全通信问题。在该系统中，基站向单个通信用户（CU）发送机密消息，同时无线感知一个点目标并为多个能量接收器（ER）充电。假设ER和感知目标为潜在窃听者，可能试图截获发往CU的机密消息。我们考虑联合发射波束成形设计，以在确保感知和供电需求的同时支持安全通信。特别地，基站除了信息波束外还发射专用的感知/能量波束，这些波束同时充当人工噪声（AN），有效干扰潜在窃听者。在此基础上，我们最大化CU处的保密速率，同时满足目标感知的最大克拉美-罗界（CRB）约束和ER的最小收集能量约束。尽管所提出的联合波束成形问题是非凸且难以求解的，我们通过半定松弛（SDR）和分数规划技术以及一维（1D）搜索获得了最优解。随后，我们分别提出了基于迫零（ZF）波束成形和最大比传输（MRT）的两种替代设计。最后，我们的数值结果表明，所提出的方法利用了近场ELAA的距离域分辨率和联合波束成形设计，在确保ISCAP中感知和供电需求的同时增强了安全通信性能，特别是当CU与目标及ER窃听者相对于基站位于相同角度（但不同距离）时。
英文摘要：
This paper investigates secure communications in a near-field multi-functional integrated sensing, communication, and powering (ISCAP) system with an extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAA) equipped at the base station (BS). In this system, the BS sends confidential messages to a single communication user (CU), and at the same time wirelessly senses a point target and charges multiple energy receivers (ERs). It is assumed that the ERs and the sensing target are potential eavesdroppers that may attempt to intercept the confidential messages intended for the CU. We consider the joint transmit beamforming design to support secure communications while ensuring the sensing and powering requirements. In particular, the BS transmits dedicated sensing/energy beams in addition to the information beam, which also play the role of artificial noise (AN) for effectively jamming potential eavesdroppers. Building upon this, we maximize the secrecy rate at the CU, subject to the maximum \ac{crb} constraints for target sensing and the minimum harvested energy constraints for the ERs. Although the formulated joint beamforming problem is non-convex and challenging to solve, we acquire the optimal solution via the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and fractional programming techniques together with a one-dimensional (1D) search. Subsequently, we present two alternative designs based on zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming and maximum ratio transmission (MRT), respectively. Finally, our numerical results show that our proposed approaches exploit both the distance-domain resolution of near-field ELAA and the joint beamforming design for enhancing secure communication performance while ensuring the sensing and powering requirements in ISCAP, especially when the CU and the target and ER eavesdroppers are located at the same angle (but different distances) with respect to the BS.
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