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arXiv 2405.04760cs.CRcs.AI
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面向网络安全的大型语言模型:一项系统性文献综述

Large Language Models for Cyber Security: A Systematic Literature Review

Huazhong University of Science and Technology(华中科技大学);Hamad Bin Khalifa University(哈马德·本·卡伊夫大学);Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学)

Hanxiang Xu, Shenao Wang, Ningke Li, Kailong Wang, Yanjie Zhao, Kai Chen, Ting Yu, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang

AI总结:

本文系统性综述了大型语言模型在网络安全中的应用,基于185篇论文总结了其在漏洞检测、恶意软件分析等任务上的应用、架构趋势及自主智能体等新兴方向。

摘要:

大型语言模型(LLMs)的快速发展为在包括网络安全在内的多种应用领域中利用人工智能开辟了新的机遇。随着网络威胁的数量和复杂性持续增长,对能够自动检测漏洞、分析恶意软件并响应攻击的智能系统的需求日益增加。在本综述中,我们对LLMs在网络安全中的应用(LLM4Security)相关文献进行了全面回顾。通过全面收集超过4万篇相关论文,并系统分析来自顶级安全和软件工程会议/期刊的185篇论文,我们旨在提供一个关于LLMs如何被用于解决网络安全领域各类问题的整体视角。通过分析,我们确定了若干关键发现。第一,我们观察到LLMs正被应用于范围不断扩大的网络安全任务,包括漏洞检测、恶意软件分析和网络入侵检测。第二,我们分析了不同LLM架构(如仅编码器、编码器-解码器和仅解码器)在安全领域中的应用趋势。第三,我们识别出日益复杂的将LLMs适配到网络安全的技术,例如先进的微调、提示工程和外部增强策略。一个重要的新兴趋势是基于LLM的自主智能体的使用,这代表了从单任务执行到编排复杂多步安全工作流的范式转变。

英文摘要:

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities for leveraging artificial intelligence in a variety of application domains, including cybersecurity. As the volume and sophistication of cyber threats continue to grow, there is an increasing need for intelligent systems that can automatically detect vulnerabilities, analyze malware, and respond to attacks. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on the application of LLMs in cybersecurity~(LLM4Security). By comprehensively collecting over 40K relevant papers and systematically analyzing 185 papers from top security and software engineering venues, we aim to provide a holistic view of how LLMs are being used to solve diverse problems across the cybersecurity domain. Through our analysis, we identify several key findings. First, we observe that LLMs are being applied to an expanding range of cybersecurity tasks, including vulnerability detection, malware analysis, and network intrusion detection. Second, we analyze application trends of different LLM architectures (such as encoder-only, encoder-decoder, and decoder-only) across security domains. Third, we identify increasingly sophisticated techniques for adapting LLMs to cybersecurity, such as advanced fine-tuning, prompt engineering, and external augmentation strategies. A significant emerging trend is the use of LLM-based autonomous agents, which represent a paradigm shift from single-task execution to orchestrating complex, multi-step security workflows.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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