横向库珀对整流器
Transverse Cooper-Pair Rectifier
AI总结：
本研究提出横向库珀对整流器，通过同时破缺三种对称性实现与驱动场垂直的非互易电流，发展了对应超导结的理论形式体系，其整流性能优于传统纵向器件，为低耗散超导电子学提供新路径。
摘要：
非互易器件是现代电子学的关键组件，凭借与输入方向平行的整流输出信号，可应用于从晶体管到逻辑电路的广泛场景。本研究提出一种横向库珀对整流器，当反演对称性、时间反演对称性和镜像对称性同时破缺时，非互易电流的方向与驱动场垂直。本文发展了Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk（布隆德-廷克汉姆-克拉普维克）形式体系，用于描述正常金属/超导体隧道结中的横向电流-电压关系，其中对称性约束通过有效内禀超流实现，该超流体现为非对称且各向异性的Andreev（安德烈夫）反射。当平行于结的超流分量破缺反演和时间反演对称性时，会引发安德烈夫反射的非对称性；而当垂直于结界面法线的镜像对称性被垂直于结的超流分量破缺时，则会产生各向异性。与传统的纵向整流器相比，该横向整流器可实现完全极化的二极管效率和巨大的非互易电导整流效应，完全实现输入激励路径与输出整流信号路径的解耦。本研究为在超导结中实现横向非互易性提供了形式体系，有望通过改进现有实验装置实现，并可能为未来低耗散超导电子学铺平道路。
英文摘要：
Non-reciprocal devices are key components in modern electronics covering broad applications ranging from transistors to logic circuits thanks to the output rectified signal in the direction parallel to the input. In this work, we propose a transverse Cooper-pair rectifier in which a non-reciprocal current is perpendicular to the driving field, when inversion, time reversal, and mirror symmetries are broken simultaneously. The Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism is developed to describe the transverse current-voltage relation in a normal-metal/superconductor tunneling junction, where symmetry constraints are achieved by an effective built-in supercurrent manifesting in an asymmetric and anisotropic Andreev reflection. The asymmetry in the Andreev reflection is induced when inversion and time reversal symmetry are broken by the supercurrent component parallel to the junction while the anisotropy occurs when the mirror symmetry with respect to the normal of the junction interface is broken by the perpendicular supercurrent component to the junction. Compared to the conventional longitudinal one, the transverse rectifier supports fully polarized diode efficiency and colossal nonreciprocal conductance rectification, completely decoupling the path of the input excitation from the output rectified signal. This work provides a formalism for realizing transverse non-reciprocity in superconducting junctions, which is expected to be achieved by modifying current experimental setups and may pave the way for future low-dissipation superconducting electronics.
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