耗散暗宇宙学：从早期物质主导到延迟的致密天体
Dissipative Dark Cosmology: From Early Matter Dominance to Delayed Compact Objects
AI总结：
本文提出一种通过耗散性暗区产生暗致密天体和黑洞的新机制：重暗粒子在BBN前主导宇宙并形成原初暗晕，热相变后恢复标准宇宙学，暗晕延迟坍缩形成碎片化暗致密天体和亚太阳质量原初黑洞，可占暗物质相当比例。
摘要：
我们展示了一种通过暗区产生暗致密天体和黑洞的新机制，其中所有暗物质都可以是耗散性的。质量超过 $10^4$ GeV 的重暗区粒子可以主导宇宙，并在大爆炸核合成（BBN）之前产生一个早期物质主导时代。该时期的密度扰动可以增长并坍缩成微小的暗物质晕，这些暗物质晕通过自相互作用冷却。典型的晕大小由扰动开始增长时的哈勃长度设定，这取决于对暗物质模型的选择，为晕的大小和演化提供了直接的预测。一旦这些原初晕形成，热相变随后可以将宇宙转回辐射主导和标准宇宙学。这些晕可以在 BBN 之后继续坍缩，导致碎片化的暗致密天体和亚太阳质量原初黑洞的延迟形成。我们发现这些致密天体可以占所有暗物质的相当大一部分。产生的碎片质量介于 $10^{20}$ g 到 $10^{32}$ g 之间，半径范围从 $10^{-2}$ m 到 $10^5$ m，而黑洞的质量介于 $10^8$ g 到 $10^{34}$ g 之间。此外，该模型的独特特征是黑洞的延迟形成，这些黑洞至今仍可蒸发。我们比较了这些天体相对于当前原初黑洞和大质量（天体物理）致密晕天体约束的位置。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate a novel mechanism for producing dark compact objects and black holes through a dark sector, where all the dark matter can be dissipative. Heavy dark sector particles with masses above $10^4$ GeV can come to dominate the Universe and yield an early matter-dominated era before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). Density perturbations in this epoch can grow and collapse into tiny dark matter halos, which cool via self interactions. The typical halo size is set by the Hubble length once perturbations begin growing, offering a straightforward prediction of the halo size and evolution depending on ones choice of dark matter model. Once these primordial halos have formed, a thermal phase transition can then shift the Universe back into radiation domination and standard cosmology. These halos can continue to collapse after BBN, resulting in the late-time formation of fragmented dark compact objects and sub-solar mass primordial black holes. We find that these compact objects can constitute a sizable fraction of all of dark matter. The resulting fragments can have masses between $10^{20}$ g to $10^{32}$ g, with radii ranging from $10^{-2}$ m to $10^5$ m, while the black holes can have masses between $10^{8}$ g to $10^{34}$ g. Furthermore, a unique feature of this model is the late-time formation of black holes which can evaporate today. We compare where these objects lie with respect to current primordial black hole and and massive (astrophysical) compact halo object constraints.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
