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arXiv 2405.04531stat.MEstat.CO
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面向海量地学统计数据的随机梯度 MCMC

Stochastic Gradient MCMC for Massive Geostatistical Data

Mohamed A. Abba, Brian J. Reich, Reetam Majumder, Brandon Feng

AI总结:

本文针对高斯过程难以扩展到大型空间数据集的问题,开发了基于 Vecchia 近似似然的随机梯度 MCMC 框架,实现了线性时间复杂度的可扩展估计,在计算效率和参数估计上表现优异。

摘要:

高斯过程(GPs)常用于空间数据分析的预测和推断。然而,由于估计和预测任务在位置数量上具有立方级时间和平方级内存复杂度,GPs 难以扩展到大型空间数据集。Vecchia 近似在依赖结构中引入稀疏性,是扩展 GP 推断的几种方法之一。我们的工作通过开发一个随机梯度马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(SGMCMC)框架来实现 GP 的高效计算,从而补充了该领域的大量研究。在每一步中,算法对一小批位置进行子采样,随后通过 Vecchia 近似的 GP 似然更新过程参数。由于 Vecchia 近似的 GP 在位置数量上具有线性时间复杂度,这实现了 GP 的可扩展估计。通过模拟研究,我们证明 SGMCMC 在计算时间和参数估计方面与最先进的可扩展 GP 算法具有竞争力。我们还使用 Argo 海洋温度测量数据集提供了该方法的应用实例。

英文摘要:

Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used for prediction and inference for spatial data analyses. However, since estimation and prediction tasks have cubic time and quadratic memory complexity in number of locations, GPs are difficult to scale to large spatial datasets. The Vecchia approximation induces sparsity in the dependence structure and is one of several methods proposed to scale GP inference. Our work adds to the substantial research in this area by developing a stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo (SGMCMC) framework for efficient computation in GPs. At each step, the algorithm subsamples a minibatch of locations and subsequently updates process parameters through a Vecchia-approximated GP likelihood. Since the Vecchia-approximated GP has a time complexity that is linear in the number of locations, this results in scalable estimation in GPs. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that SGMCMC is competitive with state-of-the-art scalable GP algorithms in terms of computational time and parameter estimation. An application of our method is also provided using the Argo dataset of ocean temperature measurements.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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