使用两个纯态的量子Rabin不经意传输
Quantum Rabin oblivious transfer using two pure states
AI总结：
该研究针对Rabin不经意传输的密码学需求，提出使用两个纯态的量子协议，分析了双方最优作弊概率，证明其在部分$p_?$取值下优于无第三方经典协议，且混合态量子协议在部分场景下表现更优。
摘要：
互不信任的两方之间的不经意传输是密码学中的重要基元。不经意传输存在多种变体。在Rabin不经意传输中，发送方Alice持有一个比特，接收方Bob要么获得该比特，要么以概率$p_?$得不到任何信息。Alice不应知道Bob是否获得了该比特。我们研究了一种使用两个纯态的量子Rabin不经意传输（OT）协议。通过考察发送方和接收方的不同作弊场景，我们确定了每种情况下的最优作弊概率。将该量子Rabin不经意传输协议与经典Rabin不经意传输协议进行比较后，我们证明，在$p_?$的某些取值下，该量子协议的性能优于不使用第三方的经典协议。我们还发现，在$p_?$的某些取值下，使用混合态的量子Rabin OT协议性能优于使用纯态的量子Rabin OT协议。
英文摘要：
Oblivious transfer between two untrusting parties is an important primitive in cryptography. There are different variants of oblivious transfer. In Rabin oblivious transfer, the sender Alice holds a bit, and the receiver Bob either obtains the bit, or obtains no information with probability $p_?$. Alice should not know whether or not Bob obtained the bit. We examine a quantum Rabin oblivious transfer (OT) protocol that uses two pure states. Investigating different cheating scenarios for the sender and for the receiver, we determine optimal cheating probabilities in each case. Comparing the quantum Rabin oblivious transfer protocol to classical Rabin oblivious transfer protocols, we show that the quantum protocol outperforms classical protocols, which do not use a third party, for some values of $p_?$. We find that quantum Rabin OT protocols that use mixed states can outperform quantum Rabin OT protocols that use pure states for some values of $p_?$.
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