In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, controlled benchmarks of quantum machine-learning workloads across hardware modalities are needed to quantify how given algorithms behave under native provider execution stacks. This work presents such a benchmark for the style-based quantum generative adversarial network (qGAN) on a high-energy physics data-augmentation task. We compare two commercially available gate-model quantum computers: the IBM ibm_torino hardware, based on superconducting transmon qubits from the Heron chip and the IonQ aria-1 hardware, based on trapped-ion qubits. The generator architecture and trained parameters are kept fixed, and built-in mitigation is disabled when possible. We report quality and runtime metrics under each provider's native stack. The workflow uses circuit replication across available qubits, up to 48 on IBM and 24 on IonQ, to reduce the number of submitted jobs required for the target sample set. To our knowledge, this is one of the first controlled style-based qGAN hardware-to-hardware comparisons for this data-augmentation task. We observe that both platforms complete the task successfully, with marginal Kullback-Leibler divergences somewhat lower on aria-1, while end-to-end runtime is significantly shorter on ibm_torino. These results are an application-specific tradeoff benchmark, not a claim of algorithmic novelty.
Quantum simulation of complex quantum systems and their properties often requires the ability to prepare initial states in an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian to be simulated. In addition, to compute the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian is in general a non-trivial problem. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical probabilistic method to compute eigenvalues and prepare eigenstates of Hamiltonians which are simulatable with a trapped-ion quantum processor.
A quantitative assessment of the progress of small prototype quantum processors towards fault-tolerant quantum computation is a problem of current interest in experimental and theoretical quantum information science. We introduce a necessary and fair criterion for quantum error correction (QEC), which must be achieved in the development of these quantum processors before their sizes are sufficiently big to consider the well-known QEC threshold. We apply this criterion to benchmark the ongoing effort in implementing QEC with topological color codes using trapped-ion quantum processors and, more…
Nonlocal Games as Cross-Platform Quantum Benchmarks: Exceeding unconditional classical bounds on trapped-ion processors
Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland（马里兰大学联合量子研究所与物理系）；National Quantum Laboratory (QLab), University of Maryland（马里兰大学国家量子实验室（QLab））；Physical Detection Systems and Deployment Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory（太平洋西北国家实验室物理探测系统与部署部）；Duke Quantum Center, Department of Physics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University（杜克大学杜克量子中心、物理系及电气与计算机工程系）；Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室量子信息科学科）；Quantum Center, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga（田纳西大学查塔努加分校量子中心）
Quantum computers hold the promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. Trapped atomic ions are among the physical systems in which building such a computing device seems viable. In this work we present a small-scale quantum information processor based on a string of $^{40}$Ca${^+}$ ions confined in a macroscopic linear Paul trap. We review our set of operations which includes non-coherent operations allowing us to realize arbitrary Markovian processes. In order to build a larger quantum information processor it is mandatory to reduce the error rate…
Large-scale quantum computers will require quantum gate operations between widely separated qubits. A method for implementing such operations, known as quantum gate teleportation (QGT), requires only local operations, classical communication, and shared entanglement. We demonstrate QGT in a scalable architecture by deterministically teleporting a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate between two qubits in spatially separated locations in an ion trap. The entanglement fidelity of our teleported CNOT is in the interval [0.845, 0.872] at the 95% confidence level. The implementation combines ion shuttling wi…
We develop holographic quantum simulation techniques to prepare correlated electronic ground states in quantum matrix product state (qMPS) form, using far fewer qubits than the number of orbitals represented. Our approach starts with a holographic technique to prepare a compressed approximation to electronic mean-field ground-states, known as fermionic Gaussian matrix product states (GMPS), with a polynomial reduction in qubit- and (in select cases gate-) resources compared to existing techniques. Correlations are then introduced by augmenting the GMPS circuits in a variational technique which…
Active quantum error correction has been identified as a crucial ingredient of future quantum computers, motivating the recent experimental efforts to encode logical quantum bits using small topological codes. In addition to the demonstration of the beneficial role of the encoding, a break-even point in the progress towards large-scale quantum computers will be the implementation of a universal set of gates. This mid-term challenge will soon be faced by various quantum technologies, which urges the need of realistic assessments of their prospects. In this work, we pursue this goal by assessing…
Cryogenic Time-Division-Multiplexed Voltage Control for Scalable Trapped-Ion Quantum Processors
QuEL, Inc.（QuEL公司）；Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, The University of Osaka（大阪大学量子信息与量子生物学中心）；International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), The University of Tokyo（东京大学 elementary 粒子物理国际中心）；Komaba Institute for Science (KIS), The University of Tokyo（东京大学驹场理学研究所）；e-trees. Japan, Inc.（e-trees日本公司）；RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)（理化学研究所量子计算中心）；Inamori Research Institute for Science (InaRIS)（稻盛科学研究所）
Scalable suppression of heating errors in large trapped-ion quantum processors
Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, School of Computer Science, Peking University（北京大学计算机学院前沿计算研究中心）；Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University（华南师范大学物理学院原子与亚原子结构及量子控制教育部重点实验室、广东省物质结构与基本相互作用卓越基础研究基地）；Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University（华南师范大学前沿物理研究院广东量子工程与量子材料重点实验室、粤港澳量子物质联合实验室）
Revealing Noise in Axial Motion Through Quantum Noise Spectroscopy on a Trapped Ion Processor
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；HRL Laboratories, LLC（HRL实验室有限责任公司）；Sandia National Laboratories（桑迪亚国家实验室）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学物理与天文系）；Center for Quantum Information and Control, CQuIC, University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学量子信息与控制中心）；Quantinuum；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Experimental factoring integers using fixed-point-QAOA with a trapped-ion quantum processor
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院列别捷夫物理研究所）；Russian Quantum Center（俄罗斯量子中心）；National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”（国立科技大学 MISIS）
The quest of demonstrating beneficial quantum error correction in near-term noisy quantum processors can benefit enormously from a low-resource optimization of fault-tolerant schemes, which are specially designed for a particular platform considering both state-of-the-art technological capabilities and main sources of noise. In this work, we show that flag-qubit-based fault-tolerant techniques for active error detection and correction, as well as for encoding of logical qubits, can be leveraged in current designs of trapped-ion quantum processors to achieve this break-even point of beneficial …
The performance of quantum gate operations is experimentally determined by how correct operational parameters can be determined and set, and how stable these parameters can be maintained. In addition, gates acting on different sets of qubits require unique sets of control parameters. Thus, an efficient multi-dimensional parameter estimation procedure is crucial to calibrate even medium sized quantum processors. Here, we develop and characterize an efficient calibration protocol to automatically estimate and adjust experimental parameters of the widely used Molmer-Sorensen entangling gate opera…
We propose a hardware architecture and protocol for connecting many local quantum processors contained within an optical cavity. The scheme is compatible with trapped ions or Rydberg arrays, and realizes teleported gates between any two qubits by distributing entanglement via single-photon transfers through a cavity. Heralding enables high-fidelity entanglement even for a cavity of moderate quality. For processors composed of trapped ions in a linear chain, a single cavity with realistic parameters successfully transfers photons every few $μ$s, enabling the any-to-any entanglement of 20 ion ch…
Quantum trajectory simulation of two-dimensional non-equilibrium steady states with a trapped ion quantum processor
University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学量子非平衡系统数学与理论物理中心）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST)（慕尼黑量子科学与技术中心）；Quantinuum；London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London（伦敦纳米技术研究中心，伦敦大学学院）
We propose a scheme for implementing quantum gates for two atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by an optical fiber. The effective long-distance coupling between the two distributed qubits is achieved without excitation and transportation of photons through the optical fiber. Since the cavity modes and fiber mode are never populated and the atoms undergo no transitions, the gate operation is insensitive to the decoherence effect when the thermal photons in the environment are negligible. The scheme opens promising perspectives for networking quantum information processors and implementi…
We consider the quantum processor based on a chain of trapped ions to propose an architecture wherein the motional degrees of freedom of trapped ions (position and momentum) could be exploited as the computational Hilbert space. We adopt a continuous-variables approach to develop a toolbox of quantum operations to manipulate one or two vibrational modes at a time. Together with the intrinsic non-linearity of the qubit degree of freedom, employed to mediate the interaction between modes, arbitrary manipulation and readout of the ionic wave function could be achieved.
A framework for the benchmarking of transport-induced excitations in shuttling-based ion-trap quantum processors
Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；Institute for Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学量子光学研究所）；Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt（德国联邦物理技术研究院）
We propose a scalable implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in a trapped-ion quantum information processor. The system is initialized in an entangled Dicke state by using simple adiabatic techniques. The inversion-about-average and the oracle operators take the form of single off-resonant laser pulses, addressing, respectively, all and half of the ions in the trap. This is made possible by utilizing the physical symmetrie of the trapped-ion linear crystal. The physical realization of the algorithm represents a dramatic simplification: each logical iteration (oracle and inversion …
Feasibility and optimum recovery in warm-start quantum optimization for a drug-response model on a trapped-ion processor
BRAC University（布拉格大学）；University of Southern Queensland（昆士兰南部大学）；UNSW Sydney（新南威尔士大学悉尼分校）；West Moreton Health（西莫顿健康）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国理工学院）；Technical University of Munich (TUM)（慕尼黑工业大学）；Cogninet AI；Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre（Pawsey超级计算研究中心）
Coupling free electrons to a trapped-ion quantum computer
TU Wien（维也纳工业大学）；Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien（维也纳量子科学技术中心，原子研究所，维也纳工业大学）；University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien（维也纳工业大学透射电子显微镜大学服务中心）；Johannes Kepler University Linz（林茨约翰·开普勒大学）；University of Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学）；University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology（维也纳大学物理学院，维也纳量子科学技术中心）；University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs（维也纳大学马克斯·佩鲁茨实验室）
Integration of fiber optics may play a critical role in the development of quantum information processors based on trapped ions and atoms by enabling scalable collection and delivery of light and coupling trapped ions to optical microcavities. We trap 24Mg+ ions in a surface-electrode Paul trap that includes an integrated optical fiber for detecting 280-nm fluorescence photons. The collection numerical aperture is 0.37 and total collection efficiency is 2.1 %. The ion can be positioned between 80 \mum and 100 \mum from the tip of the fiber by use of an adjustable rf-pseudopotential.
