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arXiv 2405.02421cs.CL
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知识神经元论题与知识有何关系?

What does the Knowledge Neuron Thesis Have to do with Knowledge?

University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);Stevens Institute of Technology(史蒂文斯理工学院);Vector Institute(向量研究院)

Jingcheng Niu, Andrew Liu, Zining Zhu, Gerald Penn

AI总结:

本文重新评估知识神经元论题,通过模型编辑实验和更全面的评估证明该论题过度简化了事实表达机制,指出MLP权重中的模式并非真正的知识,并呼吁超越MLP权重、结合层结构与注意力机制来理解知识表示。

摘要:

我们重新评估了知识神经元(KN)论题:一种对大型语言模型从训练语料库中回忆事实能力的底层机制的解释。这一新兴论题提出,事实是通过MLP权重以类似于键值记忆的方式从训练语料库中被回忆出来的,实际上意味着“知识”存储在网络中。此外,通过修改MLP模块,可以控制语言模型生成事实信息。KN论题的合理性已由受KN启发的模型编辑方法的成功所证明(Dai et al., 2022; Meng et al., 2022)。我们发现,这一论题充其量是一种过度简化。我们不仅发现可以使用相同的模型编辑方法编辑某些语言现象的表达,而且通过更全面的评估,我们发现KN论题并不能充分解释事实表达的过程。虽然可以论证MLP权重存储了在句法和语义上均可解释的复杂模式,但这些模式并不构成“知识”。为了更全面地理解知识表示过程,我们必须超越MLP权重,探索近期模型中复杂的层结构和注意力机制。

英文摘要:

We reassess the Knowledge Neuron (KN) Thesis: an interpretation of the mechanism underlying the ability of large language models to recall facts from a training corpus. This nascent thesis proposes that facts are recalled from the training corpus through the MLP weights in a manner resembling key-value memory, implying in effect that "knowledge" is stored in the network. Furthermore, by modifying the MLP modules, one can control the language model's generation of factual information. The plausibility of the KN thesis has been demonstrated by the success of KN-inspired model editing methods (Dai et al., 2022; Meng et al., 2022). We find that this thesis is, at best, an oversimplification. Not only have we found that we can edit the expression of certain linguistic phenomena using the same model editing methods but, through a more comprehensive evaluation, we have found that the KN thesis does not adequately explain the process of factual expression. While it is possible to argue that the MLP weights store complex patterns that are interpretable both syntactically and semantically, these patterns do not constitute "knowledge." To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the knowledge representation process, we must look beyond the MLP weights and explore recent models' complex layer structures and attention mechanisms.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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