交变磁性在纳米尺度下的成像与控制
Altermagnetism imaged and controlled down to the nanoscale
AI总结：
本文在MnTe中实现了交变磁有序的纳米尺度成像与控制，结合X射线磁圆二色性、磁线二色性和光发射电子显微镜，展示了从涡旋到畴壁再到单畴态的多种自旋构型，为超可扩展自旋电子器件及交变磁性与超导、拓扑物相的交叉研究开辟了道路。
摘要：
磁有序的纳米尺度检测与控制支撑着广泛的基础研究和实际器件应用。其涉及的关键原理是时间反演（$\cal{T}$）对称性的破缺，在铁磁体中该破缺由内部磁化产生。然而，净磁化的存在也严重限制了其与从超导体到拓扑绝缘体等其他重要物相的兼容性，以及自旋电子器件的可扩展性。近年来，交变磁性被提出作为解决这一限制的方案，因为它兼具铁磁性中起关键作用的$\cal{T}$对称性破缺特性，以及类似反铁磁的净磁化消失特性。迄今为止，交变磁有序仅通过空间平均探针进行推断。在此，我们展示了MnTe中从纳米尺度涡旋到畴壁再到微米尺度单畴态的交变磁有序的纳米尺度成像与控制。我们将X射线磁圆二色性的$\cal{T}$对称性破缺灵敏度与磁线二色性和光发射电子显微镜相结合，实现了对局域交变磁有序矢量的精细成像。利用微结构图案化或磁场中的热循环，可以施加丰富多样的自旋构型。所展示的交变磁性检测与控制为未来研究铺平了道路，涵盖从超可扩展的数字和神经形态自旋电子器件，到交变磁性与非耗散超导或拓扑物相的相互作用。
英文摘要：
Nanoscale detection and control of the magnetic order underpins a broad spectrum of fundamental research and practical device applications. The key principle involved is the breaking of time-reversal ($\cal{T}$) symmetry, which in ferromagnets is generated by an internal magnetization. However, the presence of a net-magnetization also imposes severe limitations on compatibility with other prominent phases ranging from superconductors to topological insulators, as well as on spintronic device scalability. Recently, altermagnetism has been proposed as a solution to this restriction, since it shares the enabling $\cal{T}$-symmetry breaking characteristic of ferromagnetism, combined with the antiferromagnetic-like vanishing net-magnetization. To date, altermagnetic ordering has been inferred from spatially averaged probes. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale imaging and control of altermagnetic ordering ranging from nanoscale vortices to domain walls to microscale single-domain states in MnTe. We combine the $\cal{T}$-symmetry breaking sensitivity of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism with magnetic linear dichroism and photoemission electron microscopy, to achieve detailed imaging of the local altermagnetic ordering vector. A rich variety of spin configurations can be imposed using microstructure patterning or thermal cycling in magnetic fields. The demonstrated detection and control of altermagnetism paves the way for future research ranging from ultra-scalable digital and neuromorphic spintronic devices, to the interplay of altermagnetism with non-dissipative superconducting or topological phases.
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