城市高速公路是社会联系的屏障
Urban highways are barriers to social ties
AI总结：
研究定义了屏障分数，结合50个美国最大城市的地理定位社交网络数据，量化证实了城市高速公路会降低社会连通性并加剧社会隔离，为修复性城市规划和减少空间不平等提供了证据支持。
摘要：
城市高速公路很常见，尤其是在美国，它们使城市更加以汽车为中心。它们承诺消除距离，却阻碍了步行出行，从而在限制当地社会互动方面发挥着关键作用。尽管这种限制作用在城市研究中得到广泛认可，但城市高速公路与社会联系之间的定量关系几乎未经检验。在这里，我们定义了一个屏障分数，将大规模的地理定位在线社交网络数据与50个最大美国城市的高速公路联系起来。在个人社会联系这一前所未有的粒度上，我们表明城市高速公路与社会连通性下降有关。这种屏障效应在短距离内尤为强烈，并与历史上为蓄意破坏或隔离黑人社区而修建高速公路的案例相一致。通过将空间基础设施与社会联系数据相结合，我们的方法为社会隔离的人口统计研究增加了新的维度。我们的研究可以为基于证据的空间不平等减少提供修复性规划信息，并更广泛地支持城市规划中社会结构的更好整合。
英文摘要：
Urban highways are common, especially in the US, making cities more car-centric. They promise the annihilation of distance but obstruct pedestrian mobility, thus playing a key role in limiting social interactions locally. Although this limiting role is widely acknowledged in urban studies, the quantitative relationship between urban highways and social ties is barely tested. Here we define a Barrier Score that relates massive, geolocated online social network data to highways in the 50 largest US cities. At the unprecedented granularity of individual social ties, we show that urban highways are associated with decreased social connectivity. This barrier effect is especially strong for short distances and consistent with historical cases of highways that were built to purposefully disrupt or isolate Black neighborhoods. By combining spatial infrastructure with social tie data, our method adds a new dimension to demographic studies of social segregation. Our study can inform reparative planning for an evidence-based reduction of spatial inequality, and more generally, support a better integration of the social fabric in urban planning.
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