强相互作用里德伯原子中临界点早期预警信号
Early warning signals of the tipping point in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms
AI总结：
本文通过外部探针在强相互作用里德伯原子气体中观测到相变前的早期预警信号，表现为方差偏离线性增长，并系统研究了临界慢化动力学，为量子多体系统临界现象识别提供了基准。
摘要：
临界点的识别对于预测复杂系统中的崩溃或其他突变至关重要，其应用涵盖生态学、热力学、气候学和流行病学等领域。然而，由于复杂性和非线性，探测接近临界点的早期迹象极具挑战。强相互作用的里德伯原子气体提供了兼具复杂性和非线性的模型系统，包括相变和临界慢化现象。在此，我们通过外部探针观测到了里德伯热气体接近相变的先期预警。该预警信号表现为方差随探针强度增加而偏离线性增长。我们还观测了临界慢化行为在不同时间尺度和原子密度下的动力学过程，从而为研究里德伯原子系统的临界行为提供了深入见解。我们的实验表明，强相互作用里德伯原子的完整临界慢化动力学可以被系统性地探测，从而为识别量子多体系统中的临界现象提供了一个基准。
英文摘要：
The identification of tipping points is essential for prediction of collapses or other sudden changes in complex systems. Applications include studies of ecology, thermodynamics, climatology, and epidemiology. However, detecting early signs of proximity to a tipping is made challenging by complexity and non-linearity. Strongly interacting Rydberg atom gases offer model systems that offer both complexity and non-linearity, including phase transition and critical slowing down. Here, via an external probe we observe prior warning of the proximity of a phase transition of Rydberg thermal gases. This warning signal is manifested as a deviation from linear growth of the variance with increasing probe intensity. We also observed the dynamics of the critical slowing down behavior versus different time scales, and atomic densities, thus providing insights into the study of a Rydberg atom system's critical behavior. Our experiment suggests that the full critical slowing down dynamics of strongly-interacting Rydberg atoms can be probed systematically, thus providing a benchmark with which to identify critical phenomena in quantum many-body systems.
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