利用档案航空摄影和深度学习分析纳米比亚数十年的环境变化
Analyzing Decades-Long Environmental Changes in Namibia Using Archival Aerial Photography and Deep Learning
AI总结:
本研究提出了一种基于深度语义分割模型的工作流程,通过类别加权、伪标签和p值过滤等策略分析纳米比亚历史航空图像,成功识别水坑、宅院和大树等关键目标并揭示其长期环境变化。
摘要:
本研究探索了在纳米比亚历史航空照片中进行目标检测,以识别长期的环境变化。具体而言,我们旨在使用1943年和1972年的亚米级灰度航空图像,识别纳米比亚Oshikango周围的关键目标——Waterholes(水坑)、Omuti homesteads(Omuti宅院)和Big trees(大树)。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种工作流程,利用深度语义分割模型对稀疏的手工标签进行分析。为此,我们采用了多种策略,包括类别加权、伪标签和基于经验p值的过滤,以平衡地面真值数据中目标的偏斜和稀疏表示。结果表明了这些不同训练策略的优势,在1943年和1972年的图像中,三个关注目标的平均$F_1$分别为0.661和0.755。我们还发现,在1943年至1972年间,Waterhole和Big trees的平均尺寸增加,而Omuti homesteads的平均尺寸减小,反映了第二次世界大战后大规模经济、农业、人口和环境变化的一些局部影响。这项工作还强调了历史航空照片在理解纳米比亚(及非洲)以外长期环境变化方面未开发的潜力。由于过去缺乏足够的卫星技术,档案航空摄影为揭示数十年的环境变化提供了极好的替代方案。
英文摘要:
This study explores object detection in historical aerial photographs of Namibia to identify long-term environmental changes. Specifically, we aim to identify key objects -- Waterholes, Omuti homesteads, and Big trees -- around Oshikango in Namibia using sub-meter gray-scale aerial imagery from 1943 and 1972. In this work, we propose a workflow for analyzing historical aerial imagery using a deep semantic segmentation model on sparse hand-labels. To this end, we employ a number of strategies including class-weighting, pseudo-labeling and empirical p-value-based filtering to balance skewed and sparse representations of objects in the ground truth data. Results demonstrate the benefits of these different training strategies resulting in an average $F_1=0.661$ and $F_1=0.755$ over the three objects of interest for the 1943 and 1972 imagery, respectively. We also identified that the average size of Waterhole and Big trees increased while the average size of Omuti homesteads decreased between 1943 and 1972 reflecting some of the local effects of the massive post-Second World War economic, agricultural, demographic, and environmental changes. This work also highlights the untapped potential of historical aerial photographs in understanding long-term environmental changes beyond Namibia (and Africa). With the lack of adequate satellite technology in the past, archival aerial photography offers a great alternative to uncover decades-long environmental changes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。