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arXiv 2404.08041astro-ph.GA
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小麦哲伦星云中电离气体的建模:沃尔夫-拉叶星云N76

Modeling Ionized Gas in the Small Magellanic Cloud: The Wolf-Rayet Nebula N76

Elizabeth Tarantino, Alberto D. Bolatto, Rémy Indebetouw, Mónica Rubio, Karin M. Sandstrom, J. -D T. Smith, Daniel Stapleton, Mark Wolfire

AI总结:

本研究利用Cloudy模拟结合空间分辨红外观测,对小麦哲伦云WR星云N76的电离气体物理条件与发射线起源进行建模,揭示了低金属度环境下WR星对矮星系电离气体属性的影响。

摘要:

我们利用Cloudy(光致电离模拟程序)对低金属度小麦哲伦星云中一颗光度最高、温度最高的沃尔夫-拉叶(WR)星所引发的WR星云N76的红外发射线进行了建模研究。我们采用空间分辨的中红外Spitzer/IRS(斯皮策空间望远镜红外光谱仪)与远红外Herschel/PACS(赫歇尔空间天文台光电探测器阵列相机与光谱仪)光谱数据,确定了电离气体的物理条件。与使用空间积分量相比,发射线的空间分辨分布使我们能够更精确地约束相关物理属性。我们构建了一系列模型,其中氢数密度取n$_H$ = 4 - 10 cm$^{-3}$的恒定值,同时设置了尺度为10 pc的星风扫掠空腔,这些模型重现了大多数电离气体发射线的强度与轮廓,包括高电离线[OIV]、[NeV],以及[SIII]、[SIV]、[OIII]和[NeIII]。我们的模型表明,91%的[SiII]发射产生于HII区边缘、电离气体与原子气体的过渡区域,而仅有不到5%的[CII]发射与电离气体相关。N76的物理条件表现为:高温HII区的最高电子温度约为T$_e$ ~ 24000 K,电子密度范围为n$_e$ ~ 4至12 cm$^{-3}$,电离参数较高,log(U)约为-1.15至-1.77。通过分析这一具有单一电离源的低金属度WR星云,本研究为理解近邻矮星系中WR星对星系积分电离气体属性的影响提供了宝贵见解。

英文摘要:

We present Cloudy modeling of infrared emission lines in the Wolf-Rayet (WR) nebula N76 caused by one of the most luminous and hottest WR stars in the low metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud. We use spatially resolved mid-infrared Spitzer/IRS and far-infrared Herschel/PACS spectroscopy to establish the physical conditions of the ionized gas. The spatially resolved distribution of the emission allows us to constrain properties much more accurately than using spatially integrated quantities. We construct models with a range of constant hydrogen densities between n$_H$ = 4 - 10 cm$^{-3}$ and a stellar wind-blown cavity of 10 pc which reproduces the intensity and shape of most ionized gas emission lines, including the high ionization lines [OIV] and [NeV], as well as [SIII], [SIV], [OIII], and [NeIII]. Our models suggest that the majority of [SiII] emission (91%) is produced at the edge of the HII region around the transition between ionized and atomic gas while very little of the [CII] emission (<5%) is associated with the ionized gas. The physical conditions of N76 are characterized by a hot HII region with a maximum electron temperature of T$_e$ ~ 24,000 K, electron densities that range from n$_e$ ~ 4 to 12 cm$^{-3}$, and high ionization parameters of log(U) ~ -1.15 to -1.77. By analyzing a low metallicty WR nebula with a single ionization source, this work gives valuable insights on the impact WR stars have to the galaxy-integrated ionized gas properties in nearby dwarf galaxies.

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