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arXiv 2404.04501astro-ph.HE
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旋转黑洞附近的最内稳定球形轨道:坠入区附近粒子运动的数值研究

On Innermost Stable Spherical Orbits near a rotating black hole: A numerical study of the particle motion near the plunging region

Ondřej Kopáček, Vladimír Karas

AI总结:

本文数值研究旋转黑洞附近非赤道球形测地线,提出以ISSO刻画倾斜或厚吸积流内缘,并分析MBSO内粒子坠入视界或逃逸的命运。

摘要:

根据广义相对论,天体物理黑洞由少数几个参数描述。除黑洞质量(M)外,最引人关注的特征之一是自旋(a),它决定旋转程度,即黑洞的角动量。后者在观测上受到来自事件视界附近绕转物质吸积盘所产生辐射信号的光谱与时序性质约束。在平面(标准、赤道)吸积盘情形中,最内稳定圆轨道(ISCO)的位置决定可观测的辐射特征,并由此使我们能够测量自旋。本文讨论更一般的最内稳定球形轨道(ISSO)情形,这些轨道延伸至赤道面上方和下方。为此,我们研究粒子的非赤道测地线运动,这些粒子沿倾斜、球形且发生相对论性进动的轨迹运动,旨在探索稳定(能量束缚)运动区域与逃逸(能量非束缚)运动区域之间的边界。ISSO半径的概念应在确定倾斜或几何厚吸积流的内缘方面发挥作用。我们证明,由于内缘附近进动增强,倾斜束缚轨道区域具有复杂结构。我们还探究了从边缘束缚球形轨道(MBSO)半径以内发射的粒子的命运:它们可能坠入事件视界,或逃逸至径向无穷远。

英文摘要:

According to General Relativity, astrophysical black holes are described by a small number of parameters. Apart from the mass of the black hole (M), among the most interesting characteristics is the spin (a), which determines the degree of rotation, i.e., the angular momentum of the black hole. The latter is observationally constrained by the spectral and timing properties of the radiation signal emerging from an accretion disk of matter orbiting near the event horizon. In the case of planar (standard, equatorial) accretion disk, it is the location of the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO) that determines the observable radiation characteristics, and this way allows us to measure the spin. In this paper, we discuss a more general case of the Innermost Stable Spherical Orbits (ISSO) extending above and below the equatorial plane. To this end, we study the non-equatorial geodesic motion of particles following inclined, spherical, relativistically precessing trajectories with the aim of exploring the boundary between the regions of stable (energetically bound) and escaping (energetically unbound) motion. The concept of the ISSO radius should play a role in determining the inner rim of a tilted or geometrically thick accretion flow. We demonstrate that the region of inclined bound orbits has a complicated structure due to enhanced precession near the inner rim. We also explore the fate of particles launched below the radius of the Marginally Bound Spherical Orbit (MBSO): these may either plunge into the event horizon or escape to radial infinity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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