ToMCCA：一种Toy Monte Carlo聚结后处理程序
ToMCCA: A Toy Monte Carlo Coalescence Afterburner
AI总结：
本研究提出ToMCCA聚结后处理模型，基于实验数据和事件生成器参数化研究核形成，验证其与实验数据吻合度约5%，证实聚结机制仅依赖事例多重数，可用于暗物质相关反核产生的低能预测及扩展至更重核研究。
摘要：
宇宙射线中反核的研究为探索超出标准模型的物理学提供了独特契机。我们星系中的反核可能源自暗物质的湮灭或衰变，也可能来自宇宙射线与星际介质的碰撞，后者构成了间接暗物质搜寻的背景。理解（反）核的形成机制对于确定其在太空中的产生限制至关重要。聚结模型描述了由核子末态相互作用形成轻核的过程，已被广泛应用于高能碰撞研究中。\n在本工作中，我们介绍了ToMCCA（Toy Monte Carlo Coalescence Afterburner，玩具蒙特卡洛聚结后处理程序），它能够对核形成过程开展详细研究，且无需通用事例生成器的繁重负载。ToMCCA包含从ALICE实验在质心系能量$\boldsymbol{\sqrt{s} = 5 - 13}$ TeV的质子-质子（pp）碰撞测量中提取的质子横动量分布多重数依赖参数化、重子发射源尺寸参数化，以及取自EPOS事例生成器的事例多重数分布参数化。ToMCCA可给出氘核横动量分布的预测，与实验数据的吻合度约为$\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol\sim5\\%}$。\nToMCCA的结果表明，pp碰撞中的聚结机制仅取决于事例多重数，而非碰撞系统或其能量。这使得该模型可用于更低质心系碰撞能量下的预测，而这些能量区间与暗物质相关过程产生反核的情况最为相关。只要目标核的波函数及其维格纳（Wigner）函数已知，该模型还可扩展应用于更重的核。
英文摘要：
The study of antinuclei in cosmic rays provides a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. Antinuclei in our Galaxy may stem either from annihilation or decay of dark matter, or from collisions of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium, which constitute the background of indirect dark matter searches. Understanding the formation mechanism of (anti)nuclei is crucial for setting limits on their production in space. Coalescence models, which describe the formation of light nuclei from final-state interaction of nucleons, have been widely employed in high-energy collisions. In this work, we introduce ToMCCA (Toy Monte Carlo Coalescence Afterburner), which allows for detailed studies of the nuclear formation processes without the overload of general-purpose event generators. ToMCCA contains parameterizations of the multiplicity dependence of the transverse momentum distributions of protons and of the baryon-emitting source size, extracted from ALICE measurements in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5 - 13$ TeV, as well as of the event multiplicity distributions, taken from the EPOS event generator. ToMCCA provides predictions of the deuteron transverse momentum distributions, with an agreement of $\sim5\%$ with the experimental data. The results of ToMCCA show that the coalescence mechanism in pp collisions depends only on the event multiplicity rather than on the collision system or its energy. This allows the model to be utilized for predictions at lower center-of-mass collision energies, which are the most relevant for the production of antinuclei from processes related to dark matter. This model can also be extended to heavier nuclei as long as the target nucleus wave function and its Wigner function are known.
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