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arXiv 2404.03040astro-ph.HE
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利用用于软超量的暖日冕模型揭示 AGN 吸积流中的能量路径

Unveiling Energy Pathways in AGN Accretion Flows with the Warm Corona Model for the Soft Excess

D. R. Ballantyne, V. Sudhakar, D. Fairfax, S. Bianchi, B. Czerny, A. De Rosa, B. De Marco, R. Middei, B. Palit, P. -O. Petrucci, A. Rozanska, F. Ursini

AI总结:

本文用 reXcor 模型拟合14个 I 型 AGN 的34次 XMM-Newton 观测,发现暖日冕贡献显著并揭示吸积能量分配随爱丁顿比的转变。

摘要:

活动星系核(AGN)中的软超量可能源于相对论反射与吸积盘表面暖日冕效应的共同作用。因此,对软超量进行细致检验可以约束吸积能量传输和耗散的模型。在这里,我们使用 reXcor 光谱模型分析了来自14个 I 型 AGN 的34次 XMM-Newton 观测;该模型在假设灯柱式日冕的情况下,将暖日冕辐射与相对论反射自洽地结合起来。该模型把吸积能量分配给吸积盘、暖日冕和灯柱。这些 XMM-Newton 观测在爱丁顿比($λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$)上跨越188倍,在黑洞质量上跨越350倍;我们发现,对于14个 AGN 中的13个,暖日冕都是软超量的重要贡献者,其平均暖日冕加热分数为 $0.51$。reXcor 拟合揭示,在灯柱中耗散的吸积能量比例与 $λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$ 呈反相关。相比之下,$λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$ 与暖日冕的光学深度和加热分数二者之间的关系,似乎在 $λ_{\mathrm{obs,t}} \approx 0.15$ 时由反相关转变为相关。因此,除吸积率之外,至少还需要另一种物理过程来解释暖日冕的演化。总体而言,我们发现,在跨越很宽的 $λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$ 和黑洞质量范围内,暖日冕似乎都是 AGN 中吸积能量的关键储库。

英文摘要:

The soft excess in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) may arise through a combination of relativistic reflection and the effects of a warm corona at the surface of the accretion disc. Detailed examination of the soft excess can therefore constrain models of the transport and dissipation of accretion energy. Here, we analyze 34 XMM-Newton observations from 14 Type I AGNs with the reXcor spectral model which self-consistently combines emission from a warm corona with relativistic reflection assuming a lamppost corona. The model divides accretion energy between the disc, the warm corona, and the lamppost. The XMM-Newton observations span a factor of 188 in Eddington ratio ($λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$) and 350 in black hole mass, and we find that a warm corona is a significant contributor to the soft excess for 13 of the 14 AGNs with a mean warm corona heating fraction of $0.51$. The reXcor fits reveal that the fraction of accretion energy dissipated in the lamppost is anti-correlated with $λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$. In contrast, the relationship between $λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$ and both the optical depth and heating fraction of the warm corona appears to transition from an anti-correlation to a correlation at $λ_{\mathrm{obs,t}} \approx 0.15$. Therefore, at least one other physical process in addition to the accretion rate is needed to explain the evolution of the warm corona. Overall, we find that a warm corona appears to be a crucial depository of accretion energy in AGNs across a broad range of $λ_{\mathrm{obs}}$ and black hole mass.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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