晚期形成的黑洞与反质子、伽马射线及反氦超出现象
Late-forming black holes and the antiproton, gamma-ray, and anti-helium excesses
AI总结：
本研究探讨晚期形成的短寿命高温黑洞能否同时解释银心伽马辐射、反质子流及反氦事件超出，发现其无法同时解释所有现象，并预测该场景下反氘核事件可被AMS-02及GAPS观测到。
摘要：
寿命足够长、可构成暗物质的黑洞，其温度低于MeV量级。由于霍金蒸发是一种准热过程，若黑洞是宇宙暗物质的一部分或全部，则预计其不会产生GeV级别的辐射。然而，黑洞可能在晚期“生成”，其质量对应较短的寿命，因此温度会显著更高，且产生的粒子能量远高于GeV。本文研究了此类晚期形成的黑洞能否同时解释以下几类引人关注的超出现象：银心伽马辐射超出、宇宙线反质子流超出，以及反物质谱仪AMS-02报告的数例初步反氦事件。研究发现，晚期形成的黑洞无法同时解释所有这些超出现象。此外，若该场景在自然界中成立，本文还计算了反氘核、高能中微子及正电子流的精确预测。结果显示，尽管中微子和正电子流相较于预期背景过小，但预计在AMS-02和未来的通用反粒子谱仪（GAPS）上都会观测到数量可观的反氘核事件。
英文摘要：
Black holes long-lived enough to be the dark matter have temperatures below the MeV. Since Hawking evaporation is a quasi-thermal process, no GeV emission is predicted to be produced by black holes if they are part, or all, of the cosmological dark matter. However, black holes could be ``spawned'' at late times with masses that correspond to short lifetimes, and as such be significantly hotter and produce particles well in excess of the GeV. Here we investigate if such late-forming black holes could, at once, explain the tantalizing excesses found in the gamma radiation from the Galactic center, in the flux of cosmic-ray antiproton, and in the few tentative antihelium events reported by the anti-matter spectrometer AMS-02. We find that late-forming black holes cannot simultaneously explain all these excesses. We additionally compute accurate predictions for the anti-deuteron, high-energy neutrino, and positron fluxes if this scenario is realized in nature. We find that while the neutrino and positron fluxes are too small compared to the expected background, a significant number of anti-deuteron events is expected both at AMS-02 and at the future General AntiParticle Spectrometer (GAPS).
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