GOALS-JWST: The Warm Molecular Outflows of the Merging Starburst Galaxy NGC 3256
Thomas Bohn, Hanae Inami, Aditya Togi, Lee Armus, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Loreto Barcos-Munoz, Yiqing Song, Sean T. Linden, Jason Surace, Marina Bianchin, Vivian U, … 展开作者
Thomas Bohn, Hanae Inami, Aditya Togi, Lee Armus, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Loreto Barcos-Munoz, Yiqing Song, Sean T. Linden, Jason Surace, Marina Bianchin, Vivian U, Aaron S. Evans, Torsten Böker, Matthew A. Malkan, Kirsten L. Larson, Sabrina Stierwalt, Victorine A. Buiten, Vassilis Charmandaris, Tanio Diaz-Santos, Justin H. Howell, George C. Privon, Claudio Ricci, Paul P. van der Werf, Susanne Aalto, Christopher C. Hayward, Justin A. Kader, Joseph M. Mazzarella, Francisco Muller-Sanchez, David B. Sanders
我们展示了 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 积分场光谱仪对 NGC 3256 的观测结果，这是一个本地红外亮度的晚期合并系统，具有两个相距约 1 kpc 的核，两者均有冷分子外流的证据。使用 JWST/NIRSpec 和 MIRI 数据集，我们在 <100 pc 的空间尺度上研究这个形态复杂的系统，重点关注核周围的暖分子 H2 气体。我们检测到源自南核的准直外流暖 H2 气体，尽管我们没有发现北核周围有显著的外流 H2 气体。我们测得的最大本征外流速度约为 1,000 km s^-1，延伸至 0.7 kpc 的距离。基于 H2 S(7)/S(1) 比率，我们在南核附近发现更大比例的较暖气体，该比例随距核距离增加而降低，表明南核是 H2 加热的主要来源。暖 H2 外流分量的气体质量估计为 M_warm,out=(1.4±0.2)×10^6 M_sun，高达使用 ALMA CO 数据估计的冷 H2 质量的 6%。外流时间尺度约为 7×10^5 年，导致质量外流率 M_dot_warm,out=2.0±0.8 M_sun yr^-1 和动能功率 P_warm,out ~ 4×10^41 erg s^-1。最后，在我们 3.0"x3.0" NIRSpec 数据内外流气体所在的区域显示出高 [Fe II]/Paβ 和 H2/Brγ 谱线比率，表明外流引起了增强的机械加热。这些区域中多环芳烃 (PAH) 的通量和比率与盘上其他区域相比没有显著差异，表明外流可能不会显著改变 PAH 的电离状态或晶粒尺寸。
英文摘要：
We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integral Field Spectrograph observations of NGC 3256, a local infrared-luminous late-stage merging system with two nuclei roughly 1$\;\rm{kpc}$ apart, both of which have evidence of cold molecular outflows. Using JWST/NIRSpec and MIRI datasets, we investigate this morphologically complex system on spatial scales of $<$100$\;\rm{pc}$, where we focus on the warm molecular H$_2$ gas surrounding the nuclei. We detect collimated outflowing warm H$_2$ gas originating from the southern nucleus, though we do not find significant outflowing H$_2$ gas surrounding the northern nucleus. We measure maximum intrinsic outflow velocities of $\sim$1,000$\;\rm{km}\;\rm{s}^{-1}$, which extend out to a distance of 0.7$\;\rm{kpc}$. Based on H$_2$ S(7)/S(1) ratios, we find a larger fraction of warmer gas near the S nucleus, which decreases with increasing distance from the nucleus, signifying the southern nucleus as a primary source of H$_2$ heating. The gas mass of the warm H$_2$ outflow component is estimated to be $M\rm{_{warm,out}}=(1.4\pm0.2)\times10^6\;\rm{M}_{\odot}$, as much as 6$\%$ of the cold H$_2$ mass estimated using ALMA CO data. The outflow time scale is about $7\times10^5\;\rm{yr}$, resulting in a mass outflow rate $\dot{M}\rm{_{warm,out}}=2.0\pm0.8\;\rm{M}_{\odot}\;\rm{yr}^{-1}$ and kinetic power $P\rm{_{warm,out}}\;\sim\;4\times10^{41}\;\rm{erg}\;\rm{s}^{-1}$. Lastly, regions within our 3.0"x3.0" NIRSpec data where the outflowing gas reside show high [Fe II]/Pa$β$ and H$_2$/Br$γ$ line ratios, indicate enhanced mechanical heating caused by the outflows. The fluxes and ratios of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in these regions are not significantly different compared to those elsewhere in the disk, suggesting the outflows may not significantly alter the PAH ionization state or grain size.
We performed 12CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0), and HCN(1-0) single-dish observations (beam size ~14"-18") toward nearby starburst and non-starburst galaxies using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. The 13CO(1-0) and HCN(1-0) emissions were detected from all the seven starburst galaxies, with the intensities of both lines being similar (i.e., the ratios are around unity). On the other hand, for case of the non-starburst galaxies, the 13CO(1-0) emission was detected from all three galaxies, while the HCN(1-0) emission was weakly or not detected in past observations. This result indicates that the HCN/13CO intensi…
We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) imaging of NGC 7469 with the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI). NGC 7469 is a nearby, $z=0.01627$, luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) that hosts both a Seyfert Type-1.5 nucleus and a circumnuclear starburst ring with a radius of $\sim$0.5 kpc. The new near-infrared (NIR) JWST imaging reveals 66 star-forming regions, 37 of which were not detected by HST observations. Twenty-eight of the 37 sources have very red NIR colors that indicate obscurations up to A$_{\rm{v}}\sim7$ and a contribution of at least 25$\%$ from hot …
Using ultra-violet absorption-lines, we analyze the systematic properties of the warm ionized phase of starburst-driven winds in a sample of 39 low-redshift objects that spans broad ranges in starburst and galaxy properties. Total column densities for the outflows are $\sim$10$^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$. The outflow velocity (v$_{out}$) correlates only weakly with the galaxy stellar mass (M$_*$), or circular velocity (v$_{cir}$), but strongly with both SFR and SFR/area. The normalized outflow velocity (v$_{out}/v_{cir}$) correlates well with both SFR/area and SFR/M$_*$. The estimated outflow rates of wa…
The physical link of the star formation-AGN activities is analyzed from multiwavelength energy distributions of distant radiogalaxies (RG) with the help of two models: the new evolutionary code PEGASE.3 with dust predictions and the Siebenmorgen's AGN model, with the aim to to disentangle the farIR dust emissions from respectively interstellar medium and torus of RGs. Best-fits of the HST-Spitzer-Herschel (UV-to-IR) observations of the 3CR RGs with libraries of hybrid SED templates identify three components (AGN, old galaxy and young starburst) tracing the relation of starburst-AGN luminositie…
JWST PRIMER: Post-starburst galaxies dominate the low-mass quiescent galaxy population since z~2
University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
Mergers Drive Structural Complexity but Not Starbursts in Lyman-$α$ Emitters at $3 < z < 4$: A JWST Spatially Resolved View
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台光学天文重点实验室）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台空间天文与技术重点实验室）；College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University（沈阳师范大学物理科学与技术学院）
研究发现3 < z < 4的Lyman-α发射体中合并驱动结构复杂性，但未引发显著恒星爆发，通过JWST空间分辨分析揭示合并对LAEs特性的影响。
JWST Observations of Starbursts: The motion of dust - PAH kinematics of M82 and NGC 253 with JWST/MIRI spectroscopy
University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；Joint Space-Science Institute（空间科学联合研究所）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Toledo（托莱多大学）；Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学）；University of Kansas（堪萨斯大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）
We report the discovery of two companion sources to a strongly lensed galaxy SPT0418-47 ("ring") at redshift 4.225, targeted by the JWST Early Release Science program. We confirm that these sources are at a similar redshift as the ring based on H$α$ detected in the NIRSpec spectrum, and [C II] 158 $μ$m line from ALMA. Using multiple spectral lines detected in JWST/NIRSpec, the rest-frame optical to infrared images from NIRCam and MIRI, and far-infrared (FIR) dust continuum detected by ALMA, we argue that the newly discovered sources are actually lensed images of the same companion galaxy, here…
We present a general review of the current knowledge of IRAS 20551-4250 and its circumnuclear environment. This Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy is one of the most puzzling sources of its class in the nearby Universe: the near-IR spectrum is typical of a galaxy experiencing a very intense starburst, but a highly obscured active nucleus is identified beyond 5 micron and possibly dominates the mid-IR energy output of the system. At longer wavelengths star formation is again the main driver of the global spectral shape and features. We interpret all the available IR diagnostics in the framework of s…
We compare embedded young massive star clusters (YMCs) to (sub-)millimeter line observations tracing the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas in the starburst ring of NGC 1365. This galaxy hosts one of the strongest nuclear starbursts and richest populations of YMCs within 20 Mpc. Here we combine near-/mid-IR PHANGS-JWST imaging with new ALMA multi-J CO (1-0, 2-1 and 4-3) and [CI](1-0) mapping, which we use to trace CO excitation via R42 = I_CO(4-3)/I_CO(2-1) and R21 = I_CO(2-1)/I_CO(1-0) and dissociation via RCICO = I_[CI](1-0)/I_CO(2-1) at 330 pc resolution. We find that the gas flow…
JWST Observations of Starbursts: PAHs Closely Trace the Cool Phase of M82's Galactic Wind
The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学）；Swinburne University of Technology（斯威本科技大学）
JWST Observations of Starbursts: Molecular Hydrogen Excitation and Disequilibrium in M82
University of Toledo（托莱多大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学）
The star formation rates in starburst galaxies are orders of magnitude higher than in local star-forming regions, and the origin of this difference is not well understood. We use sub-mm spectral line maps to characterize the physical conditions of the molecular gas in the luminous Galactic star-forming region W49A and compare them with the conditions in starburst galaxies. We probe the temperature and density structure of W49A using H_2CO and HCN line ratios over a 2'x2' (6.6x6.6 pc) field with an angular resolution of 15" (~0.8 pc) provided by the JCMT Spectral Legacy Survey. We analyze the r…
JWST Observations of Starbursts: A Young Bubble in NGC 253's Central Starburst
University of Kansas（堪萨斯大学）；University of Toledo（托莱多大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland（马里兰大学联合空间科学研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学）；European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）
We report the results of analyses of galactic outflows in a sample of 45 low-redshift starburst galaxies in the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY), augmented by five additional similar starbursts with COS data. The outflows are traced by blueshifted absorption-lines of metals spanning a wide range of ionization potential. The high quality and broad spectral coverage of CLASSY data enable us to disentangle the absorption due to the static ISM from that due to outflows. We further use different line multiplets and doublets to determine the covering fraction, column density, and ion…
JWST Observations of Starbursts: Dust Processing in the M82 Superwind
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；University of Toledo（托莱多大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Swinburne University of Technology（斯威本科技大学）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；University of Wyoming（怀俄明大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）；ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D)（三维全天空天体物理学卓越研究中心 (ASTRO 3D)）；Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学）；Millennium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL)（星系千年核心 (MINGAL)）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学宇宙学与暗物质粒子物理中心）；University of Kansas（堪萨斯大学）；Ghent University（根特大学）；New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology（新墨西哥矿业与技术学院）；University of California, San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校）；Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学天体物理研究所）；Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈帕托莱斯大学工程与科学学院天体物理研究所）；Max Planck Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
JWST Reveals Compact Nuclear Starbursts Masquerading as AGNs in Metal-Poor Dwarfs: Where Are the Accreting Intermediate-Mass Black Holes?
George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Oak Ridge Associated Universities（橡树岭联合大学）；University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；The University of Texas at Austin（得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校空间科学与技术中心）；University of Cincinnati（辛辛那提大学）
Hidden in the Halo: New Diffuse Star Clusters in the M82 Starburst with JWST
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University（塔夫茨大学物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tampa（坦帕大学物理与天文学系）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Surrey（萨里大学物理系）；Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University（女王大学物理、工程物理与天文学系）
Our three-dimensional hydro-dynamical simulations of starbursts examine the formation of superbubbles over a range of driving luminosities and mass loadings that determine superbubble growth and wind velocity. From this we determine the relationship between the velocity of a galactic wind and the power of the starburst. We find a threshold for the formation of a wind, above which the speed of the wind is not affected by grid resolution or the temperature floor of our radiative cooling. We investigate the effect two different temperature floors in our radiative cooling prescription have on wind…
Resolving the Multiphase Outflow, Shock Signatures, and PAHs in the AGN-Starburst Composite ULIRG F10565+2448 with JWST MIRI/MRS
University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Joint Space-Science Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校联合空间科学研究所）；Rhodes College（罗兹学院）；Universidad de Alcalá（阿尔卡拉大学）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CAB），西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所）
We investigate the warm ionized gas in the blue compact galaxy (BCG) Haro 14 by means of integral field spectroscopic observations taken with the MUSE/VLT. The large FoV of MUSE and its unprecedented sensitivity enable observations of the galaxy nebular emission up to large galactocentric distances. This allowed us to trace the ionized gas morphology and ionization structure up to kiloparsec scales and, for the first time, to accurately investigate the excitation mechanism operating in the outskirts of a typical BCG. The intensity and diagnostic maps reveal at least two highly distinct compone…
Using MIRI on-board JWST we present mid-infrared sub-arcsec imaging (MIRIM) and spectroscopy (MRS) of the hyperluminous infrared system SPT0311-58 at z=6.9. MIRI observations are compared with existing ALMA far-infrared continuum and [CII]158$μ$m imaging. Even though the ALMA observations suggests very high star formation rates (SFR) in the eastern (E) and western (W) galaxies of the system, the H$α$ line is not detected. This, together with the detection of the Pa$α$ line, implies very high optical nebular extinction with lower limits of 4.2 (E) and 3.9 mag (W), and even larger 5.6 (E) and 10…
ReveaLLAGN 1: JWST Emission-Line Spectra Reveal Low-Luminosity AGN with UV-Deficient SEDs and Warm Molecular Gas
University of Utah（犹他大学）；Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)（阿拉贡宇宙物理研究中心）；European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF–IAPS)（国家天体物理学和行星学研究所）
The multiwavelength structure of post-starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3 with JWST PRIMER: compact morphologies and residual disturbances
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学物理与天文学学院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学天文研究所）；William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University（约翰霍普金斯大学威廉·H·米勒三世物理与天文学系）；AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute（欧洲空间局AURA太空望远镜科学研究所）
MICONIC: The multiphase circumnuclear region of Centaurus A as seen with JWST/MIRI MRS observations. I. Spectral inventory and properties of the warm molecular disk
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（索邦大学，法国国家科学研究中心，UMR 7095，巴黎天文台）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LUX（巴黎天文台，PSL大学，索邦大学，LUX）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CAB），西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universiteit Gent（根特大学物理与天文学系）；Telespazio UK for the European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲航天局（ESA）旗下泰雷兹阿莱尼亚太空英国分公司）；European Space Agency, c/o Space Telescope Science Institute（欧洲航天局，代管于太空望远镜科学研究所）
The nearby, luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) NGC 7469 hosts a Seyfert nucleus with a circumnuclear star-forming ring and is thus the ideal local laboratory for investigating the starburst--AGN connection in detail. We present integral-field observations of the central 1.3 kpc region in NGC 7469 obtained with the JWST Mid-InfraRed Instrument. Molecular and ionized gas distributions and kinematics at a resolution of {\sim}100 pc over the 4.9 - 7.6μm region are examined to study gas dynamics influenced by the central AGN. The low-ionization [Fe II] λ5.34μm and [Ar II] λ6.99μm lines are bright on t…
The JWST EXCELS survey: Insights into the nature of quenching at cosmic noon
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）
We present our high-resolution ($0^{\prime\prime}.15\times0^{\prime\prime}.13$, $\sim$34 pc) observations of the CO(6-5) line emission, which probes the warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 $μ$m dust continuum emission in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy IC 5179, conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO(6-5) emission is spatially distributed in filamentary structures with many dense cores and shows a velocity field that is characteristic of a circum-nuclear rotating gas disk, with 90% of the rotation speed arising within a radius of $\lesssim150$ pc. At t…
We report the detection of 23 OH+(1-0) absorption, emission, or P-Cygni-shaped lines and CO(9-8) emission lines in 18 Herschel-selected z=2-6 starburst galaxies with ALMA and NOEMA, taken as part of the Gas And Dust Over cosmic Time (GADOT) Galaxy Survey. We find that the CO(9-8) luminosity is higher than expected based on the far-infrared luminosity when compared to nearby star-forming galaxies. Together with the strength of the OH+ emission components, this may suggest that shock excitation of warm, dense molecular gas is more prevalent in distant massive dusty starbursts than in nearby star…
GA-NIFS: The interplay between feedback and star formation at 3 < z < 9 probed by JWST/NIRSpec IFU
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC–INTA（天体生物学中心）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切里天文台）；Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；Cavendish Laboratory - Astrophysics Group, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室天体物理组）；European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）；Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系）
We report results from a new HST study of the OVI 1032,1038Å doublet in emission around intensely star-forming galaxies. The programme aims to characterize the energy balance in starburst galaxies and gas cooling in the difficult-to-map coronal temperature regime of 2-5 x $10^5$K. We present the first resolved image of gas emission in the OVI line. Our target, SDSS J1156+5008, is very compact in the continuum but displays OVI emission to radii of 23 kpc. The surface brightness profile is well fit by an exponential with a scale of 7.5kpc. This is ten times the size of the photoionized gas, and …
