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arXiv 2403.13071quant-ph
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自由电子量子光学中的强耦合与单光子非线性

Strong coupling and single-photon nonlinearity in free-electron quantum optics

Aviv Karnieli, Charles Roques-Carmes, Nicholas Rivera, Shanhui Fan

AI总结:

本文提出“自由电子光纤”方案,利用有质动力势阱抑制电子衍射并延长相互作用长度,从而实现自由电子与光子模式的强耦合及单光子非线性,为确定性单光子发射和自由电子-光子量子门等应用奠定基础。

摘要:

自由电子能够与量子化电磁场和物质系统相干相互作用的观测结果,催生了大量利用自由电子独特量子性质的提案。这些提案的核心假设是飞行自由电子与光子模式之间存在强量子相互作用。然而,现有方案本质上受到电子衍射的限制,这给相互作用长度设定了上限,从而也限制了量子耦合强度。在此,我们提出使用“自由电子光纤”:一种有效的一维光子系统,其中自由电子与两个导波模式共同传播。第一个模式对自由电子施加有质动力势阱,从而有效消除电子衍射带来的限制。第二个模式与导引自由电子发生强耦合,其增强的耦合强度比以往设计高出数个数量级。此外,我们的方案所实现的扩展相互作用长度,使得由自由电子介导的强单光子非线性成为可能。我们预测了该系统中若干有趣的、可观测的量子效应,例如确定性单光子发射以及复杂的非线性多模动力学。我们的提案为实现自由电子量子光学中许多备受期待的效果铺平了道路,例如非高斯光产生、确定性单光子发射,以及由自由电子-光子相互作用控制的量子门。

英文摘要:

The observation that free electrons can interact coherently with quantized electromagnetic fields and matter systems has led to a plethora of proposals leveraging the unique quantum properties of free electrons. At the heart of these proposals lies the assumption of a strong quantum interaction between a flying free electron and a photonic mode. However, existing schemes are intrinsically limited by electron diffraction, which puts an upper bound on the interaction length and therefore the quantum coupling strength. Here, we propose the use of "free-electron fibers'': effectively one-dimensional photonic systems where free electrons co-propagate with two guided modes. The first mode applies a ponderomotive trap to the free electron, effectively lifting the limitations due to electron diffraction. The second mode strongly couples to the guided free electron, with an enhanced coupling that is orders of magnitude larger than previous designs. Moreover, the extended interaction lengths enabled by our scheme allows for strong single-photon nonlinearities mediated by free electrons. We predict a few interesting observable quantum effects in our system, such as deterministic single-photon emission and complex, nonlinear multimode dynamics. Our proposal paves the way towards the realization of many anticipated effects in free-electron quantum optics, such as non-Gaussian light generation, deterministic single photon emission, and quantum gates controlled by free-electron--photon interactions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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