S-PLUS 天炉座项目 (S+FP):天炉座星系团的首次 12 波段观测
The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): A first 12-band glimpse of the Fornax galaxy cluster
AI总结:
本文介绍 S-PLUS 天炉座项目(S+FP),利用 12 波段测光数据构建约 3×10^6 个天体的星表,并结合模拟识别类似星系团,为研究环境对星系演化的作用提供数据基础。
摘要:
天炉座星系团是南天最丰富的近邻(距离约 20 Mpc)星系集合体。因此,它为阐明环境在星系演化中发挥关键作用的过程提供了大量机会。尽管它一直是许多研究的焦点,但天炉座从未像南方光度本地宇宙巡天(S-PLUS)那样,在 12 个光度窄带和宽带中进行过连续均匀的宽场成像。在本文中,我们介绍了 S-PLUS 天炉座项目(S+FP),旨在利用 S-PLUS 全面分析天炉座星系团的星系含量。我们的数据集包括 106 个 S-PLUS 宽场图像(视场约 1.4 x 1.4 度²),在五个类似 SDSS 的 ugriz 宽带和七个覆盖特定光谱特征(如 [OII]、CaII H+K、Hδ、G 带、Mg b 三重线、Hα 和 CaII 三重线)的窄带中观测。基于 S-PLUS 特定的自动测光,旨在正确检测 S-PLUS 图像中的天炉座星系和球状星团,我们的数据集为社区提供了包含约 3 x 10^6 个分辨和未分辨天体在约 208 度²(约 5 Rvir,在赤经方向)区域内、围绕天炉座中心星系 NGC 1399 的均匀 12 波段测光星表。我们进一步探索 EAGLE 和 IllustrisTNG 宇宙学模拟,以识别 45 个类似天炉座的星系团,并生成这些结构在所有 12 个 S-PLUS 波段上的模拟图像,直至恒星质量 M★ ≥ 10^8 M☉ 的星系。我们在这系列论文的第一篇中提出的 S+FP 数据集将支持多种研究,其中一些研究在此简要介绍。
英文摘要:
The Fornax galaxy cluster is the richest nearby (D ~ 20 Mpc) galaxy association in the southern sky. As such, it provides a wealth of oportunities to elucidate on the processes where environment holds a key role in transforming galaxies. Although it has been the focus of many studies, Fornax has never been explored with contiguous homogeneous wide-field imaging in 12 photometric narrow- and broad-bands like those provided by the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS). In this paper we present the S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP) that aims to comprehensively analyse the galaxy content of the Fornax cluster using S-PLUS. Our data set consists of 106 S-PLUS wide-field frames (FoV ~ 1.4 x 1.4 deg$^2$) observed in five SDSS-like ugriz broad-bands and seven narrow-bands covering specific spectroscopic features like [OII], CaII H+K, H$δ$, G-band, Mg b triplet, H$α$, and the CaII triplet. Based on S-PLUS specific automated photometry, aimed at correctly detecting Fornax galaxies and globular clusters in S-PLUS images, our dataset provides the community with catalogues containing homogeneous 12-band photometry for ~ 3 x 10$^6$ resolved and unresolved objects within a region extending over ~ 208 deg$^2$ (~ 5 Rvir in RA) around Fornax' central galaxy, NGC 1399. We further explore the EAGLE and IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations to identify 45 Fornax-like clusters and generate mock images on all 12 S-PLUS bands of these structures down to galaxies with M$\star \geq 10^8$ M$\odot$. The S+FP dataset we put forward in this first paper of a series will enable a variety of studies some of which are briefly presented.
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