Even at modest amplification, the optical depth to gravitational lensing through the Galaxy is $<10^{-5}$. However, the large apparent isotropic-equivalent energy of GRB 221009A coupled with a path through low Galactic latitude suggests that the conditional probability that this particular GRB was lensed is greater than the very low a priori expectation. With the extreme brightness of the prompt emission, this Galactic lensing hypothesis can be constrained by autocorrelation analysis of Fermi photons on 0.1-1000 ms timescales. In relating lensing mass, magnification, and autocorrelation timescale, I show that a lensed-induced autocorrelation signature by stellar lenses falls below the minimal variability timescale (MVT) expected from a black hole central engine. However, lensing by Galactic dark matter MACHOs ($M_l > 10-1000\,M_\odot$) could be confirmed with this approach. Regardless, at a peak $γ$-ray photon rate of $>30$ ms$^{-1}$, GRB 221009A represents a prime opportunity to measure the smallest MVTs of GRBs.
An archival search for gamma-ray bursts gravitationally lensed by galaxy clusters
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth（宇宙学与引力研究所，朴茨茅斯大学）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham（物理与天文学学院，伯明翰大学）；Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham（引力波天文学研究所，伯明翰大学）；Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna（天体物理学系，维也纳大学）
Episode-wise spectro-polarimetry of GRB 220107A: Testing the hypothesis of evolving radiation mechanisms
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram（印度科学教育研究所特里凡得琅分校）；Ioffe Institute（约费研究所）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所（CSIC））；Universidad de Málaga（马拉加大学）
最近在JVAS B 0218 +357强透镜系统中观测到了极高能光子的引力透镜。这一观测开启了通过比较高能光子在不同传播路径上的传播时间差异来进行高能重力测试的可能性。的时间延迟计算的框架下的LIV（洛伦兹不变性破坏）扩展的运动方程的光子在一个大质量的物体的领域。然而，所得到的方法可以被移植到其他模型的重力在高能量。讨论了未来对JVAS B0218+357的观测对高能引力的约束潜力。LIV能量标度上的边界不会与其他天体物理边界（如来自AGN和GRB耀斑的边界）竞争。然而，这些界限是免费的任何假设的排放过程。
The Prompt Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Population III Stars
Oregon State University（俄勒冈州立大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Flatiron Institute（熨斗研究所）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Stanislaus State University（斯坦尼斯劳斯州立大学）
What is the nature of GW230529? An exploration of the gravitational lensing hypothesis
Université Catholique de Louvain（天主教鲁汶大学）；Royal Observatory of Belgium（比利时皇家天文台）；Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学）；Nikhef（尼赫夫国家粒子物理研究所）；Universitat de les Illes Balears（巴利阿里群岛大学）；University of Portsmouth（朴茨茅斯大学）；Niels Bohr Institute（尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
