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arXiv 2403.09703cs.CLcs.AI
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概念感知的数据构建提升语言模型的上下文学习能力

Concept-aware Data Construction Improves In-context Learning of Language Models

Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University(马萨里克大学信息学院)

Michal Štefánik, Marek Kadlčík, Petr Sojka

AI总结:

本文提出概念感知训练框架CoAT,通过构建依赖概念的训练场景提升语言模型从演示中学习类比推理概念的能力,使小规模预训练模型在多数新任务上超越指令微调,性能媲美使用数量级更多数据的上下文学习模型。

摘要:

许多近期语言模型(LMs)具备上下文学习(ICL)能力,表现为仅凭自然语言指令即可执行新任务。以往关于上下文学习模型的研究假设ICL源于大规模过参数化或多任务训练的规模效应。然而,近期理论工作将ICL能力归因于依赖概念的训练数据,并在小规模合成环境中成功构建了功能性的上下文学习模型。在本工作中,我们实际探索了这一新发现的ICL质量影响因素。我们提出概念感知训练(CoAT)框架,用于构建训练场景,使语言模型能够从演示中学习利用类比推理概念。我们发现,通过使用CoAT,预训练的Transformer模型能够学会更好地利用演示中的新潜在概念,并且这种能力使ICL对先前模型的功能缺陷更具鲁棒性。最后,我们表明,与传统的指令微调相比,概念感知的上下文学习在大多数新任务上更为有效,其性能可与使用数量级更多训练数据的先前上下文学习模型相媲美。

英文摘要:

Many recent language models (LMs) are capable of in-context learning (ICL), manifested in the LMs' ability to perform a new task solely from natural-language instruction. Previous work curating in-context learners assumes that ICL emerges from a vast over-parametrization or the scale of multi-task training. However, recent theoretical work attributes the ICL ability to concept-dependent training data and creates functional in-context learners even in small-scale, synthetic settings. In this work, we practically explore this newly identified axis of ICL quality. We propose Concept-aware Training (CoAT), a framework for constructing training scenarios that make it beneficial for the LM to learn to utilize the analogical reasoning concepts from demonstrations. We find that by using CoAT, pre-trained transformers can learn to better utilise new latent concepts from demonstrations and that such ability makes ICL more robust to the functional deficiencies of the previous models. Finally, we show that concept-aware in-context learning is more effective for a majority of new tasks when compared to traditional instruction tuning, resulting in a performance comparable to the previous in-context learners using magnitudes of more training data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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