边界几何调控决定胚胎发育中管腔成核的拓扑缺陷转变
Boundary geometry controls a topological defect transition that determines lumen nucleation in embryonic development
AI总结：
该研究结合计算与实验发现边界几何可驱动三维极性缺陷的电荷守恒转变，且缺陷位置决定小鼠胚胎管腔形成位置，扰动胚胎形态可诱导额外管腔，为取向序系统的缺陷调控提供了普适原理。
摘要：
拓扑缺陷决定了各向异性材料的集体特性，但其构型的调控机制尚不明确，尤其是在三维体系中。此外在生命物质中，二维缺陷已被证实与生物学功能相关，但三维极性缺陷的作用仍不清楚。结合计算与实验方法，我们研究了受限几何如何调控表面排列的极性流体，以及三维极性缺陷在与细胞外边界相互作用的组织中发挥的生物学作用。我们发现了一种由边界几何驱动、与材料参数无关的三维缺陷构型间的电荷守恒转变，并证明缺陷位置可预测充满液体的管腔——发育过程中的关键结构——在小鼠胚胎受限极性组织内的形成位置。通过实验扰动胚胎形态使其越过转变点，我们还在预测的缺陷位置诱导出了额外的管腔。本研究揭示了边界几何调控极性缺陷的机制，以及胚胎如何利用该机制实现依赖形态的管腔形成，我们预计这一缺陷调控原理可广泛应用于具有取向序的系统。
英文摘要：
Topological defects determine the collective properties of anisotropic materials. How their configurations are controlled is not well understood however, especially in 3D. In living matter moreover, 2D defects have been linked to biological functions, but the role of 3D polar defects is unclear. Combining computational and experimental approaches, we investigate how confinement geometry controls surface-aligned polar fluids, and what biological role 3D polar defects play in tissues interacting with extracellular boundaries. We discover a charge-preserving transition between 3D defect configurations driven by boundary geometry and independent of material parameters, and show that defect positions predict the locations where fluid-filled lumina -- structures essential for development -- form within the confined polar tissue of the mouse embryo. Experimentally perturbing embryo shape beyond the transition point, we moreover create additional lumina at predicted defect locations. Our work reveals how boundary geometry controls polar defects, and how embryos use this mechanism for shape-dependent lumen formation. We expect this defect control principle to apply broadly to systems with orientational order.
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