三维中的隐身超均匀各向同性光子带隙结构
Stealthy and hyperuniform isotropic photonic bandgap structure in 3D
AI总结：
本研究制备了三维无序隐身超均匀微波光子结构，首次实现了各向同性光子带隙，其带隙幅度与金刚石结构相当，可作为红外波段微米级带隙结构的原型。
摘要：
在光子晶体中，光的传播由其光子能带结构调控，该结构是由成组的传播态构成的能带集合，能带之间被光子带隙分隔。由于空间严格周期性介电结构中的离散对称性，其光子能带结构本质上是各向异性的。然而，对于许多应用场景，例如制造人工结构色材料或研发光子计算器件，以及从根本上理解光与物质的相互作用而言，寻找具有长程非周期性介电结构、能够形成各向同性光子带隙的材料具有重要意义。\n在此，我们报道了首个针对微波频段、经优化的无序隐身超均匀结构的三维各向同性光子带隙。我们将其透射光谱与节点密度相近的金刚石结构和非晶结构进行了直接对比。实验测量了三种微波结构的能带结构，这些结构通过3D激光打印制备，属于折射率最高达n=2.1的超材料。实验结果与时域有限差分数值研究以及超均匀结构带隙的先验计算吻合良好：金刚石结构存在带隙但如预期呈各向异性，隐身超均匀结构呈现出幅度与之非常相近的各向同性带隙，而非晶结构则完全不存在带隙。这种厘米级的微波结构可作为微米级结构的原型，后者的带隙处于技术上极具研究价值的红外（IR）波段。
英文摘要：
In photonic crystals the propagation of light is governed by their photonic band structure, an ensemble of propagating states grouped into bands, separated by photonic band gaps. Due to discrete symmetries in spatially strictly periodic dielectric structures their photonic band structure is intrinsically anisotropic. However, for many applications, such as manufacturing artificial structural color materials or developing photonic computing devices, but also for the fundamental understanding of light-matter interactions, it is of major interest to seek materials with long range non-periodic dielectric structures which allow the formation of {\it isotropic} photonic band gaps. Here, we report the first ever 3D isotropic photonic band gap for an optimized disordered stealthy hyperuniform structure for microwaves. The transmission spectra are directly compared to a diamond pattern and an amorphous structure with similar node density. The band structure is measured experimentally for all three microwave structures, manufactured by 3D-Laser-printing for meta-materials with refractive index up to $n=2.1$. Results agree well with finite-difference-time-domain numerical investigations and a priori calculations of the band-gap for the hyperuniform structure: the diamond structure shows gaps but being anisotropic as expected, the stealthy hyperuniform pattern shows an isotropic gap of very similar magnitude, while the amorphous structure does not show a gap at all. The centimeter scaled microwave structures may serve as prototypes for micrometer scaled structures with bandgaps in the technologically very interesting region of infrared (IR).
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