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arXiv 2403.07976astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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宇宙线对双稳态星际介质湍流的反馈

Cosmic Ray Feedback on Bi-stable ISM Turbulence

Roark Habegger, Ka Wai Ho, Ka Ho Yuen, Ellen G. Zweibel

AI总结:

本文通过双区宇宙线输运数值模拟,研究宇宙线如何在小尺度上与星际介质耦合,发现冷气体中较快扩散促进冷气体形成,暖气体中较慢扩散使宇宙线从湍流中获取能量,并能匹配银河系 grammage 观测。

摘要:

虽然宇宙线($E\gtrsim 1\\,\mathrm{GeV}$)在 $L>100\\,\mathrm{pc}$ 的尺度上与星系的星际介质(ISM)良好耦合,能够调节分层结构并驱动外流,但它们在较小尺度上的影响尚不清楚。根据从银河系中 grammage 的观测结果计算得到的宇宙线扩散系数,宇宙线在这些小尺度上几乎没有时间对星际介质产生动力学影响。利用数值模拟,我们探索了更复杂的宇宙线输运如何使宇宙线在小尺度上与星际介质耦合。我们建立了一个双区宇宙线输运模型,其中冷气体中的宇宙线扩散系数设定为银河系估计值,而暖气体中的扩散系数更小。我们将该模型与具有恒定扩散系数的模拟进行比较。与具有恒定且较小扩散系数的模拟相比,更快地穿过冷气体的扩散使得更多冷气体得以形成。然而,暖气体中较慢的扩散使宇宙线能够各向异性地从湍流级联中获取能量。这种宇宙线增能是以牺牲原本会在辐射冷却过程中损失的湍流能量为代价的。最后,我们表明,对于通过模拟的一些输运路径,我们的双区模型能够匹配 grammage 的观测估计值。

英文摘要:

While cosmic rays $(E\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{GeV})$ are well coupled to a galaxy's interstellar medium (ISM) at scales of $L>100\,\mathrm{pc}$, adjusting stratification and driving outflows, their impact on small scales is less clear. Based on calculations of the cosmic ray diffusion coefficient from observations of the grammage in the Milky Way, cosmic rays have little time to dynamically impact the ISM on those small scales. Using numerical simulations, we explore how more complex cosmic ray transport could allow cosmic rays to couple to the ISM on small scales. We create a two-zone model of cosmic ray transport, with the cosmic ray diffusion coefficient set at the estimated Milky Way value in cold gas but smaller in warm gas. We compare this model to simulations with a constant diffusion coefficient. Quicker diffusion through cold gas allows more cold gas to form compared to a simulation with a constant, small diffusion coefficient. However, slower diffusion in warm gas allows cosmic rays to take energy from the turbulent cascade anisotropically. This cosmic ray energization comes at the expense of turbulent energy which would otherwise be lost during radiative cooling. Finally, we show our two-zone model is capable of matching observational estimates of the grammage for some transport paths through the simulation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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