Lindbladian形式下存在光子浴时通过正常结与超导结的非弹性隧穿
Inelastic tunneling through normal and superconducting junctions in the presence of photonic bath within Lindbladian formalism
AI总结：
本研究在Lindbladian形式体系下研究光子环境引发的结非弹性隧穿问题，推导了含$P(E)$函数的量子主方程，可系统计算电流、热流等，还能准确描述超导结中Bogoliubov准粒子隧穿及粒子-空穴不对称下的相干因子效应。
摘要：
电子隧穿集成于电路中的结时，可在光子场（电磁环境）中产生激发，并在此过程中损失能量。这类粒子非弹性隧穿通常采用$P(E)$理论描述。在该理论的传统方法中，隧穿速率与通过结的电流是利用费米黄金定则、并对环境光子自由度求平均推导得出的。本研究在Lindbladian形式体系下探讨光子环境引发的非弹性隧穿这一相同问题，阐述了在量子主方程方法中如何对光子自由度求迹。所得量子主方程由相同的$P(E)$函数参数化，不仅能让我们系统且便捷地获得电流，还可得到热流等其他多种物理量。我们还证明，Lindbladian形式体系可全面描述Bogoliubov准粒子通过超导结的隧穿过程，且能恰当解释相干因子。当正常态态密度存在粒子-空穴不对称性时，相干因子的作用尤为重要。
英文摘要：
An electron tunneling across a junction integrated into an electric circuit can generate an excitation in the photonic field (electromagnetic environment) and lose energy in the process. Such inelastic tunneling of particles is commonly described using the $P(E)$ theory. In the conventional approach to this theory, the tunneling rate and the electric current through the junction are derived using Fermi's golden rule and by averaging over the environmental photonic degrees of freedom. In this work, we address the same problem of inelastic tunneling due to photonic environment in Lindbladian formalism and we present how the photonic degrees of freedom are traced out in quantum master equation approach. The resulting quantum master equation is parameterized by the same $P(E)$ function and enables us to obtain not only the electric current but various other quantities, for instance the heat current, in a systematic and convenient way. We also demonstrate that the Lindbladian formalism provides a comprehensive description of Bogoliubov quasiparticle tunneling through superconducting junctions and that it properly accounts for the coherence factors. The coherence factors become important if the normal-state density of states is particle-hole asymmetric.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
