虚拟约束中活性丝状体的集体自囚禁
Collective self-caging of active filaments in virtual confinement
AI总结：
研究结合实验与最小模型，揭示活性柔性丝状体通过在光照边界反转运动而缠结自组织，形成受边界曲率调控的集体自囚禁结构。
摘要：
运动能力与响应性行为的耦合，对于许多微生物寻找并建立适宜栖息地至关重要。最简单的可能响应之一是反转运动方向，据信这种响应使丝状蓝细菌能够形成稳定聚集体，或在适宜光照条件下积累。在这里，我们证明，丝状体形态结合通过反转来响应光梯度，所产生的后果远不止简单积累：缠结聚集体在受照区域的边界形成，并利用边界建立局部有序结构。我们探究了光图案，尤其是其边界曲率，如何影响聚集。一个关于活性柔性丝状体的最小力学模型再现了实验发现，从而揭示了这些结构的涌现性和普适性。该现象可能使细长微生物在有限栖息地中生成适应性菌落架构，或指导仿生纤维材料的组装。
英文摘要：
Motility coupled to responsive behavior is essential for many microorganisms to seek and establish appropriate habitats. One of the simplest possible responses, reversing the direction of motion, is believed to enable filamentous cyanobacteria to form stable aggregates or accumulate in suitable light conditions. Here, we demonstrate that filamentous morphology in combination with responding to light gradients by reversals has consequences far beyond simple accumulation: Entangled aggregates form at the boundaries of illuminated regions, harnessing the boundary to establish local order. We explore how the light pattern, in particular its boundary curvature, impacts aggregation. A minimal mechanistic model of active flexible filaments resembles the experimental findings, thereby revealing the emergent and generic character of these structures. This phenomenon may enable elongated microorganisms to generate adaptive colony architectures in limited habitats, or guide the assembly of biomimetic fibrous materials.
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