数字孪生与土木工程各阶段：重新定位采用策略
Digital Twins and Civil Engineering Phases: Reorienting Adoption Strategies
AI总结：
本文针对土木工程行业数字孪生采用碎片化且集中于运维阶段的问题，提出基于项目阶段的数字孪生发展框架，并通过系统文献综述识别各阶段使能技术，推动全生命周期集成应用。
摘要：
数字孪生（DT）技术多年来因其向科学与工程领域的各类利益相关者所展现的前景而受到极大关注。因此，数字孪生的不同主题领域得到了探索。在制造、自动化、石油与天然气以及土木工程等特定领域中，情况也是如此，这导致了面向特定领域应用的碎片化方法。土木工程行业在这一方面进一步处于不利地位，因为其数字孪生采用依赖于其他工程领域的外部技术。这些延伸应用的一个日益突出的后果是数字孪生被集中应用于运营与维护阶段。在另一个层面上，建筑信息模型（BIM）在规划/设计阶段被广泛使用，而施工阶段的临时性特征仍然对其数字孪生采用构成挑战。在本文中，我们提出了数字孪生在建筑、工程与施工（AEC）行业中基于阶段的发展。我们首先对数字孪生作为概念和作为服务进行了简明阐述，并建立了一个五级尺度系统。此外，我们分别对每个土木工程阶段所采用的传统技术进行了系统文献综述。在这方面，我们识别了使能技术，例如用于扩展感知的计算机视觉和用于可靠集成的物联网。最终，我们试图揭示数字孪生是贯穿土木工程项目整个生命周期的重要工具，并推动研究人员在寻求将数字孪生集成到土木工程应用中的过程中进行更全面的思考。
英文摘要：
Digital twin (DT) technology has received immense attention over the years due to the promises it presents to various stakeholders in science and engineering. As a result, different thematic areas of DT have been explored. This is no different in specific fields such as manufacturing, automation, oil and gas, and civil engineering, leading to fragmented approaches for field-specific applications. The civil engineering industry is further disadvantaged in this regard as it relies on external techniques by other engineering fields for its DT adoption. A rising consequence of these extensions is a concentrated application of DT to the operations and maintenance phase. On another spectrum, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is pervasively utilized in the planning/design phase, and the transient nature of the construction phase remains a challenge for its DT adoption. In this paper, we present a phase-based development of DT in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry. We commence by presenting succinct expositions on DT as a concept and as a service, and establish a five-level scale system. Furthermore, we present separately a systematic literature review of the conventional techniques employed at each civil engineering phase. In this regard, we identified enabling technologies such as computer vision for extended sensing and the Internet of Things for reliable integration. Ultimately, we attempt to reveal DT as an important tool across the entire life cycle of civil engineering projects, and nudge researchers to think more holistically in their quest for the integration of DT for civil engineering applications.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
