arXiv 2403.016752024-03hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE

Q-ball 衰变产生的 MeV 伽马射线

MeV gamma rays from Q-ball decay

Shinta Kasuya, Masahiro Kawasaki, Naomi Tsuji

备注：: 8 pages, 3 figures, some typos fixed, matches to published version

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AI总结：

本文研究当前时刻衰变的超对称 Q-ball，发现其衰变末期产生 π 介子，进而形成 67.5 MeV 发射线和约 50 MeV 截断的伽马射线谱，可作为 Q-ball 衰变的确凿观测证据。

摘要：

我们研究了在当前时刻发生衰变的超对称 Q-ball，并发现它们会在约 O(10) MeV 处产生一种独特的伽马射线谱。为了使寿命与当前宇宙年龄一样长，Q-ball 的荷为轻子数，其主要衰变产物为轻轻子。然而，随着 Q-ball 的荷减少，在衰变末期，衰变到 π 介子的通道在运动学上变得允许，并且 π 介子是在静止状态下产生的。紧接着，π⁰ 衰变为两个能量为 67.5 MeV 的光子，即 π 介子质量的一半，从而呈现出一条独特的发射线。此外，π± 衰变为 μ±，μ± 进一步衰变并发射内轫致辐射，其能谱在约 50 MeV 处具有尖锐截断。如果未来的观测能够发现伽马射线谱的这些特殊特征，那么这将成为超对称 Q-ball 在当前时刻发生衰变的确凿证据。

英文摘要：

We study the supersymmetric Q balls which decay at present and find that they create a distinctive spectrum of gamma rays at around O(10) MeV. The charge of the Q ball is lepton numbers in order for the lifetime to be as long as the present age of the universe, and the main decay products are light leptons. However, as the charge of the Q ball decreases, the decay channel into pions becomes kinematically allowed towards the end of the decay, and the pions are produced at rest. Immediately, $π^0$ decays into two photons with the energy of 67.5 MeV, half the pion mass, which exhibits a unique emission line. In addition, $π^\pm$ decay into $μ^\pm$, which further decay with emitting internal bremsstrahlung, whose spectrum has a sharp cutoff at $\sim$50 MeV. If the observations would find these peculiar features of the gamma-ray spectrum in the future, it could be a smoking gun of the supersymmetric Q-ball decay at present.

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