Mermaid Cereal：宏观磁毛细 SALR 系统中的相互作用与图案形成
Mermaid Cereal: Interactions and Pattern Formation in a Macroscopic Magnetocapillary SALR System
AI总结：
本文研究嵌入永磁体的漂浮毫米圆盘在流体界面上的 SALR 相互作用，结合二维实验与模拟揭示填充分数增加时由晶格到局域团簇再到系统尺度条纹的平衡图案转变，并实现磁力外控。
摘要：
当颗粒被放置在流体界面上时，它们往往会因毛细吸引而聚集，以使系统的总势能最小化。在本工作中，我们在漂浮的毫米级圆盘中嵌入永磁体，以引入一种相互竞争的排斥效应，并研究其在平衡状态下的图案形成。两个圆盘的成对能量景观由短程吸引、长程排斥（SALR）相互作用势描述，此前已在许多微观系统中得到记录。这种竞争性相互作用使多种成对平衡态成为可能，其中包括对应于有限圆盘间距的局部能量极小值的可能性。在受限几何中的二维（2D）实验和模拟表明，随着面内填充分数增加，稀疏的、以排斥为主的晶格状态变得不稳定，从而自发形成局域团簇，这些团簇最终合并为贯穿整个系统的条纹图案。最后，我们证明，通过施加额外的垂直磁力，可以从外部操控平衡图案，该力会远程增强有效的毛细吸引。
英文摘要：
When particles are deposited at a fluid interface they tend to aggregate by capillary attraction to minimize the overall potential energy of the system. In this work, we embed floating millimetric disks with permanent magnets to introduce a competing repulsion effect and study their pattern formation in equilibrium. The pairwise energy landscape of two disks is described by a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) interaction potential, previously documented in a number of microscopic systems. Such competing interactions enable a variety of pairwise equilibrium states, including the possibility of a local minimum energy corresponding to a finite disk spacing. Two-dimensional (2D) experiments and simulations in confined geometries demonstrate that as the areal packing fraction is increased, the dilute repulsion-dominated lattice state becomes unstable to the spontaneous formation of localized clusters, which eventually merge into a system-spanning striped pattern. Finally, we demonstrate that the equilibrium pattern can be externally manipulated by the application of a supplemental vertical magnetic force that remotely enhances the effective capillary attraction.
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